The foregoing chapters have focused on employment policies and programs and actions for their improved effectiveness in pursuing the goal of eradicating poverty. Chapter 1 highlighted a number of global trends that call for an increased focus on employment for poverty reduction in the 1990s and beyond. Prominent among these trends are the rapid growth of the labor force in low-income countries,...

Social Happiness is one of the humanity’s most necessary innate needs and which plays a crucial role in the sublimity of individuals and society. Reaching this would occur once individual has either physical or mental health. One of the effective factors in increasing the amount of individuals’ social Happiness especially in women is providing them with mental dimension of security e.g. felling...

A predominant expectation that social relationships with others are safe (a secure attachment style), has been linked with reduced threat-related amygdala activation. Experimental priming of mental representations of attachment security can modulate neural responding, but the effects of attachment-security priming on threat-related amygdala activation remains untested. Using functional magnetic...

Our study explored how priming with a secure base schema affects the processing of emotional facial stimuli in individuals with attachment anxiety. We enrolled 42 undergraduate students between 18 and 27 years of age, and divided them into two groups: attachment anxiety and attachment secure. All participants were primed under two conditions, the secure priming using references to the partner, ...

OBJECTIVE For at-risk (single parent, low income, low support) mothers, healthy adaptation and the ability to manage stress have clear implications for parenting and the social-emotional well-being of their young offspring. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine associations between defense mechanisms in pregnant women and their toddlers' attachment security, social-emotional, an...

Attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969) and its limitations are first described. Next, emotional availability (EA; Biringen et al., 1998; Biringen, 2008) is introduced as an expansion upon the original conceptualization of the parent-child attachment relationship. As a construct and as a measure, EA considers the dyadic and emotional qualities of adult-child relationships. EA is predictive of a variet...