The origin of Uranus and Neptune remains a challenge for planet formation models. A potential explanation is that the planets formed from population few planetary embryos with masses Earth which beyond Saturn's orbit migrated inwards. These can collide merge to form Neptune. In this work we revisit scenario study outcomes such collisions using 3D hydrodynamical simulations. We investigate under...

In his paper “Finitism” (1981), W.W. Tait maintains that the chief difficulty for everyone who wishes to understand Hilbert’s conception of finitist mathematics is this: to specify the sense of the provability of general statements about the natural numbers without presupposing infinite totalities. Tait further argues that all finitist reasoning is essentially primitive recursive. In this paper...

Motor and sensory functions are lost after spinal cord injury because neurons die or atrophy and axons fail to regenerate. Until fairly recently, it was believed that damaged neurons could not be replaced and injured axons could not regenerate, and, therefore, functions dependent on injured neurons could not be recovered. We now know that damaged neurons can be rescued by providing therapeutic ...

The chance of a physical event is the objective, single-case probability that it will occur. In probabilistic physical theories like quantum mechanics, the chances of physical events play the formal role that the values of physical quantities play in classical (deterministic) physics, and there is a temptation to regard them on the model of the latter as describing intrinsic properties of the s...

Since first described in the mid-eighties somatic embryogenesis of spruce has been extensively utilized both as a tool for mass propagation and as a model system for the investigation of structural, physiological and molecular events occurring during embryo development in conifers. Despite the increased efforts to optimize media composition and culture environment, production of somatic embryos...

The nonlinear system becomes an area with numerous investigations over the past decades. The conventional modal analysis could not be  applied on nonlinear continuous system which makes it impossible to construct the reduced order models and obtain system response based on limited number of measurement points. Nonlinear normal modes provide a useful tool for extending modal analysis to nonlinea...