Chrysanthemum nodal explants were cultured on 1⁄2 X MS medium containing different combinations of growth hormones. A reasonable callus formed on explants when MS contained 0.5 mg. cm each of BAP and NAA after about 3 weeks. Similar results were obtained on MS + 0.5 mg. cm BAP + 0.1 mg. cm NAA or 1.0 mg. cm BAP + 0.1 mg. cm NAA. A maroonish embryogenic callus was formed on MS containing BAP onl...

The contents of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA), cytokinins, and abscisic acid (ABA) were determined in explants (megagametophyte embryo), proliferating embryonal-suspensor mass (ESM), non-embryogenic callus Pinus sibirica Larix sibirica. Furthermore, the localization hormones cells was studied with immunohistochemical analysis. It shown that formation embryogenic cultures both species is ass...

An efficient system was established for high frequency embryogenesis and regeneration of indica rice, Oryza sativa L. cv. MDU 5. Basic media, carbohydrate sources and concentrations, agar concentrations, amino acids, cytokinins and auxins were evaluated in callus induction and regeneration media to establish the most efficient regeneration protocol for MDU 5 indica rice. The optimized callus in...

Partially expanded male catkins of swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor Willd.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with BA or 2,4-D. Explants on 2,4-D produced a yellow embryogenic callus originating from the junction of the pedicel and peduncle. Subsequent transfers to MS with BA and then MS without growth regulators resulted in callus prol...

Picea mongolica is a rare tree species in China, which of great significance combating desertification and improving the harsh ecological environment. Due to low rate natural regeneration, high mortality, susceptibility pests cold springs, has gradually become extinct. At present, somatic embryogenesis (SE) most effective method micro-proliferation conifers, but induction embryogenic callus (EC...

Protocols for the production and transformation of grapevine embryogenic cultures are described. Embryogenic cultures are initiated from leaves or stamens and pistils and transformed with Agrobacterium containing an enhanced green fluorescent protein/neomycin phosphotransferase II (egfp/nptII) fusion gene. Cultures are transferred to induction medium in the dark for callus formation and prolife...

Davidia involucrata Baill. (D. involucrata), a rare and endangered wild plant, is native to China globally recognized as an ornamental tree species. However, D. exhibits inherent biological characteristics that contribute its low reproductive efficiency. To address this challenge, somatic embryogenesis, biotechnological method, offers numerous advantages, including enhanced efficiency, large co...

Somatic embryogenesis could be achieved in Themeda quadrivalvis (Linn.) O. Ktze -fodder grass species on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D. Incorporation of putrescine in the medium stimulated embryogenesis, however its lower concentration stimulated production of non-regenerative callus. Other polyamines such as spermine and spermidine could not evoke similar response. Ascorbic acid used as an...

Ten commercial sugarcane varieties, N12, N14, N19, N24, N25, N26, N27, 75E247, 84E1334 and NCo376 were tested for suitability for transformation in terms of their embryogenic callus production and transient expression levels. Based on an increase in callus mass over time, varieties N12, N19, N27, NCo376 and 84E1334 outperformed other varieties on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2,4-dichlo...

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) can be used to mimic osmotic stress in plant tissue cultures to study mechanisms of tolerance. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of PEG (M.W. 6000) on embryogenic callus of Medicago truncatula. Leaf explants were cultured on MS medium with 2 mg L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg L-1 BAP for 5 months. Then, calli were transferred to the same medium further suppl...