PURPOSE To study the safety, technical efficacy, and histopathology of the ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) embolic mixture in an animal model. METHODS Microcatheterization of the rete was performed in 29 swine. The clinical, angiographic, and histopathologic consequences of superselective injection of the two principal embolic mixture components (EVAL and dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]) we...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Remote ischemic conditioning is cardioprotective in myocardial infarction and neuroprotective in mechanical occlusion models of stroke. However, there is no report on its therapeutic potential in a physiologically relevant embolic stroke model (embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion) in combination with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). METHODS We t...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) has a higher incidence of periprocedural stroke compared with endarterectomy. Identifying CAS steps with the highest likelihood of embolization may have important implications. We evaluated CAS safety by correlating the findings of procedural transcranial Doppler with postprocedure diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions. METHODS ...

Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been recorded after the onset of transient or permanent brain ischemia and are usually associated with exacerbation of ischemic injury. Embolic stroke model is more relevant to the pathophysiological situation in such patients, because the majority of ischemic injuries in humans are induced by old thrombi that originate from the heart and carot...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with vascular or cardiac disease may experience recurrent thrombosis and embolization to the cerebral vasculature. Transient distal platelet accumulation after common carotid artery thrombosis (CCAT) leads to hemodynamic, metabolic, and molecular events that may influence the response of the postthromboembolic brain to secondary emboli. We investigated the effect...

BACKGROUND Platelet activation appears to play an important role in thromboembolic complications of infective endocarditis (IE). Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a potentially useful marker of platelet activity and a quick and easy determinant of thrombotic risk. Hence the aim of this study was to investigate the baseline platelet volume indices (MPV and platelet distribution width [PDW]) in IE pa...

AIMS Inflammation-induced procoagulant changes and endothelial cell activation appear to play an important role in thromboembolic complications of infective endocarditis. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules E- and P-selectin in infective endocarditis patients with and without embolic events, and healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS The ...

Embolic event is a common and important complication of infective endocarditis (IE). The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical impacts of embolic event in patients with IE and the predictors of in-hospital mortality. Data was collected in Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital between January 2009 and December 2010. One hundred ten pa...

objective(s) opioid abuse is still remained a major mental health problem, a criminal legal issue and may cause ischemic brain changes including stroke and brain edema. in the present study, we investigated whether spontaneously withdrawal syndrome might affect stroke outcomes. materials and methods addiction was induced by progressive incremental doses of morphine over 7 days. behavioral signs...

Cardiac Disorders Predisposing to Embolic Stroke • Data from 4,558 consecutive complete necropsies in patients 16 years of age or older were analyzed to ascertain the influence of certain variables upon the frequency of embolic encephalomalacia. Embolic lesions of the central nervous system occurred more commonly in the female, regardless of age, race, diabetic status, nutritional status or hea...