results like other cancers, prostate cancer is caused by an accumulation of genetic alterations in a cell that drives it to malignant growth. specific genes and gene alterations have been suggested to play a role in its development and progression. aneuploidy, loss of heterozygosity, gene mutations, hypermethylation and inactivation of specific tumour suppressor genes such as gstpi, apc, mdr1, ...

breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in female, after lung cancer. angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis; therefore, antiangiogenesis strategies for treatment of cancer are currently an issue of interest. the role of vascular endothelial growth factor that assumed to be most potent angiogenesis factor is ambiguous in breast cancer. this study descri...

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mirs are 17-25 nucleotide non-coding rnas. these rnas target approximately 80% of protein coding mrnas. mirs control gene expression and altered expression of them affects the development of cancer. mirs can function as tumor suppressor via down-regulation of proto-oncogenes and may function as oncogenes by suppressing tumor suppressors. myeloproliferative neoplasias (formerly known as chronic ...

BACKGROUND Myeloproliferative neoplasms constitute a group of diverse chronic myeloid malignancies that share pathogenic features such as acquired mutations in the JAK2, TET2, CBL and MPL genes. There are recent reports that a JAK2 gene haplotype (GGCC or 46/1) confers susceptibility to JAK2 mutation-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the JAK...

This paper presents an overview of the role of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the diagnosis of soft tissue neoplasms. Many soft tissue neoplasms harbor characteristic translocations or amplification of gene regions, which can be assessed by FISH, and can be used to assist in their diagnosis. We discuss the major morphologic categories in which FISH has come to be used including hi...

book, and he has produced a valuable volume on neoplasms of the skin. Although consideration of malignant conditions occupy the greater part of this volume benign neoplasms also receive their due amount of attention. The book is copiously illustrated by excellent photographs and on the whole is clearly written, but we are sorry to see that the author talks of ' tubercular' skin lesions, when re...

The association of granuloma annulare and some neoplasms is controversial. However, there is an increase in the number of case reports and relevant studies supporting the conceptof granuloma annulare being associated with certain types of hematologic neoplasms and solid tumors.Herein, we describe a 54-year-old woman with a 20-month history of generalized annular lesions that did not respond to ...

CONTEXT Cystic neoplasms, which are less common forms of exocrine pancreatic neoplasms, consist of mainly intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) and mucinous cystic neoplasms. Mucinous cystic neoplasms, unlike IPMN, are not associated with ductal growth, are usually multilocular in nature, and have ovarian type stroma. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a type of mucinous cystic neoplasm m...

context the current literature suggests that minimally invasive surgery is associated with faster recovery and less morbidity than open surgery. parenchyma-sparing pancreatectomy is minimally invasive surgery, including enucleation, inferior head pancreatectomy, spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy, and central pancreatectomy, combined pancreatectomy such as inferior head pancreatectomy plus...