BACKGROUND Inspiratory muscle training has been shown to improve performance in elite swimmers, when used as part of routine training, but its use as a respiratory warm-up has yet to be investigated. AIM To determine the influence of inspiratory muscle exercise (IME) as a respiratory muscle warm-up in a randomised controlled cross-over trial. METHODS A total of 15 elite swimmers were assign...

M ANY athletes in endurance sports develop exerciseinduced asthma. A mixed neutrophilic/eosinophilic airway inflammation has been reported in swimmers and cross-country skiers, but its association with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is unknown. This study evaluated patterns of inflammation and epithelial damage associated with "swimmers' asthma" and "skiers' asthma." The study included 64 hig...

This study tested the hypothesis that exposure to chlorine-sterilised pool water would impair oral nitrate reduction (ONR). ONR was assessed in elite swimmers before and after morning afternoon pool-based training. Nonswimmers were only morning. similar nonswimmers (P = 1.000) unchanged training ≥ 0.341). Therefore, chlorinated does not interfere with ONR. Novelty Exposure swimmers.

Introduction: Holding the breath during exercise causes hypoxia. This study set out to investigate the effect of the 12-week hypoxic interval training on lung volume and records of elite swimmers in 50 and 100 meters breaststroke. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 22 male swimmers were randomly divided into the hypoxic interval training group (n: 13; age: 16.61±1.39 years; he...

In order to obtain further insight into the mechanisms relating to the large lung volumes of swimmers, tests of mechanical lung function, including lung distensibility (K) and elastic recoil, pulmonary diffusion capacity, and respiratory mouth pressures, together with anthropometric data (height, weight, body surface area, chest width, depth and surface area), were compared in eight elite male ...

Br J Sports Med 2012;46:402–406. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090821 402 ABSTRACT Elite competitive swimmers are particularly affected by airway disorders that are probably related to regular and intense training sessions in a chlorinated environment. Upper and lower airway respiratory symptoms, rhinitis, airway hyper-responsiveness, and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction are highly prevalent in...

BACKGROUND The shoulder complex is highly loaded during swimming. No studies were found analyzing the changes in shoulder girdle strength in young swimmers, through the years. OBJECTIVE To analyze the changes in strength of internal rotators and external rotators of the arm, lower trapezius and supraspinatus and in the external rotators/internal rotators ratio in young elite swimmers through ...

PURPOSE The assessment of body hydration is a complex process, and no measurement is valid for all situations. Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) has emerged as a relatively novel technique for assessing hydration status in sports. We applied BIVA a) to determine hydration changes evoked by an intense synchronized swimming (SS) training session; b) to characterize the sample of youn...