The first ant colony optimization (ACO) called ant system was inspired through studying of the behavior of ants in 1991 by Macro Dorigo and co-workers [1]. An ant colony is highly organized, in which one interacting with others through pheromone in perfect harmony. Optimization problems can be solved through simulating ant’s behaviors. Since the first ant system algorithm was proposed, there is...

Ant System, the first Ant Colony Optimization algorithm, showed to be a viable method for attacking hard combinatorial optimization problems. Yet, its performance, when compared to more fine-tuned algorithms, was rather poor for large instances of traditional benchmark problems like the Traveling Salesman Problem. To show that Ant Colony Optimization algorithms could be good alternatives to exi...

-In this paper a hybrid variant of meta-heuristic algorithm ant colony optimization (ACO) is used. Approximate solutions to quadratic assignment problem have been proved very efficient. Different variants of ant colony optimization have been applied to QAP. But in this paper a hybrid approach is proposed which is combination of Ant system and Max-Min Ant system to take benefits of both the meth...

Abstract: The Open Vehicle Routing Problem (OVRP) is one of the most important extensions of the vehicle routing problem (VRP) that has many applications in industrial and service. In the VRP, a set of customers with a specified demand of goods are given and a depot where a fleet of identical capacitated vehicles is located. We are also given the ‘‘traveling costs’’ between the depot and all th...

Audiences are usually seen as groups of people who collectively or individually read, watch or hear works of arts. This mode of relationship is referred to as reception as opposed to creation, which is supposed to be the productive stage of the artistic communication process. Art becomes the product of an independent elite, which does not respond to an audience's demands but opposes the dominan...

In this paper we analyze the application of the Ant Colony Optimization to the Minimum Weight Vertex Covering Problem. We use the software system that we developed and implemented different standard ACO algorithms to this problem: Ant Colony System, the use of Elitism, Rank based approach and the MinMax system. We have made a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of these algorithms to th...

the prevalent communications networks suffer from lack of spectrum and spectrum inefficiency. this has motivated researchers to develop cognitive radio (cr) as a smart and dynamic radio access promised solution. a major challenge to this new technology is how to make fair assignment of available spectrum to unlicensed users, particularly for smart grids communication. this paper introduces an i...

Phase I. Discovering the new construct’s domain space (i.e., the relevant associated behaviors within the environment encompassed by the proposed construct) (determine the key behaviors that best represent a construct, from the perspective of the theory-based literature, experts, and target participants for whom the construct is being defined) Step 1a. Behavioral elicitation through literature ...

This paper proposes a methodology for using survey data to understand the composition of elites, through analysing the pool of potential members. An occupational-based measure of ‘potential power elite’ is created and compared with other measures of occupational advantage. It is argued that this measure can be utilised to explore if the processes causing certain social groups to be under-repres...