Two different cell populations respond to potent T-cell-inducing vaccinations. The induction and loss of effector cells can be seen using an ex vivo enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, but the more durable resting memory response is demonstrable by a cultured ELISPOT assay. The relationship of the early effector response to durable resting memory is incompletely understood. Effector pheno...

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination can confound tuberculin skin test (TST) reactions in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The TST was compared with a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay during an outbreak of MTB infection at a police academy in Germany. Participants were grouped according to their risk of LTBI in close (...

BACKGROUND CKS257 (Salmonella typhimurium SL1344 DeltaphoP/phoQDelta aroA Deltaasd DeltastrA/strB pSB2131) is a live oral vaccine vector expressing HIV Gag. METHODS HIV Gag was expressed as a fusion protein of a Salmonella Type III secretion system protein SopE, from a balanced lethal asd-based plasmid. Eighteen healthy adults were given single escalating oral doses of 5 x 10(6) to 1 x 10(10)...

The traditional enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay is the gold standard for the enumeration of antigen-specific B cells. Since B cell availability from biological samples is often limited, either because of sample size/volume or the need of performing multiple analyses on the same sample, the implementation of ELISpot assay formats that allow the simultaneous detection of multiple antibod...

The primary goal of immune monitoring with ELISPOT is to measure the number of T cells, specific for any antigen, accurately and reproducibly between different laboratories. In ELISPOT assays, antigen-specific T cells secrete cytokines, forming spots of different sizes on a membrane with variable background intensities. Due to the subjective nature of judging maximal and minimal spot sizes, dif...

Background Recent studies suggest an association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and hypertension. In the present study, we used a variety of antigens and different assay methods to investigate the relationship between CMV-specific T-cell responses and arterial stiffness in patients with hypertension. Methods To evaluate arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured in 20...

HIV-specific CD8+ T cells are critical in controlling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. We present the evaluation of a gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma)-based enzyme linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for the quantification of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from HIV-infected children. We studied 20 HLA-A*0201-positive HIV-infected children. The IFN-gamma production in response to stimulation...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The goal of this study was to monitor tuberculosis (TB)-specific T-cell responses in cerebrospinal fluid-mononuclear cells (CSF-MCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) over the course of anti-TB therapy. METHODS Adult patients (≥ 16 years) with TBM admitted to Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea, were prospectively ...

The aim of this study was to analyze the combination of three kinds of in-house IFN- ELISPOT using peptide A53 and peptide mixtures (E6 + E7 and E6 + E7 + C14) with tuberculin skin test (TST) to detect latent TB infection (LTBI) in China. A total of 788 healthy people were recruited and analyzed by three kinds of IFN- ELISPOT, 581 of them had TST results, of which 147 samples were also compar...

Background: The roll-out of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was certainly among the fastest in medical history. Vaccination campaigns around world began a year after outbreak 2019. When Austria started vaccinating population 2020, we took opportunity to collect data from first sets patients receiving vaccine our study region East Tyrol. Purpose: Man...