background: toxoplasma gondii , the obligate intracellular parasite is life threatening in aids patients. diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is based on serological methods especially increasing of igm and igg titers, but finding of parasite or its components (antigenemia) may be beneficial method in order to detection of acute toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients. methods: ninety-four serum sam...

This paper describes enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) performed in a 96-microzone plate fabricated in paper (paper-based ELISA, or P-ELISA). ELISA is widely used in biochemical analyses; these assays are typically carried out in microtiter plates or small vials. ELISA combines the specificity of antibodies with high-turnover catalysis by enzymes to provide specificity and sensitivity....

Several models of authorization have been proposed for object-oriented databases supporting diierent levels of granularity. However, these models do not support authorization based on database contents and context. A way of handling context and content-dependent authorization is by using views. In this paper, we present a model of authorization, based on a view model proposed by Bertino 4], tha...

INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which was formerly described as the parenterally transmitted form of non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH), becomes a chronic disease in 50% of the cases. HCV can also be transmitted through intravenous drug abuse, sexual , and household contact. Hepatitis C virus is a single stranded RNA virus with some structural relations to the flavivirus family. Nucleic acid ...

ELISA system was integrated into a glass microchip. Antigen-antibody and enzyme reactions were performed on a surface of microbeads which were packed in the chip. By monitoring the enzyme reaction product with a thermal lens microscope, good calibration curve was obtained with short assay time. Moreover, to realize higher throughput assay, a semi-automatic ELISA system with a 32-ch microchip wa...

The need for assay methods of sufficient sensitivity to determine the low concentrations of hormones present in body fluids led to the original development of immunoassays and analogous “binding” (or “ligand”) assays in the late 1950s and early 1960s. These methods depend on the use of a binding agent (also commonly referred to by other terms such as “receptor,” “binding reagent,” and “analyte-...