Elf-1 is an Ets family transcription factor that regulates a number of inducible lymphoid-specific genes, including those encoding interleukin 3 (IL-3), granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) alpha chain. A minimal oligonucleotide spanning the IL-2R alpha Elf-1 site (-97/-84) bound Elf-1 poorly, but binding activity markedly increased when this ...

Zinc as an essential trace element was reported to be involved in regulation of the growth and aging of cells. In this study, rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) of 50 Hz and 20 mT to evaluate whether exposure to ELF-EMF in the presence of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) affects the telomerase reverse transcriptase (...

Although melatonin (MT) has been reported to protect cells against oxidative damage induced by electromagnetic radiation, few reports have addressed whether there are other protective mechanisms. Here, we investigated the effects of MT on extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF)-induced Nav activity in rat cerebellar granule cells (GCs). Exposing cerebellar GCs to ELF-EMF for 60 ...

In mature T cells, limited synthesis of the TCR-zeta subunit is primarily responsible for regulating surface expression of TCRs. Transcription of zeta is directed by a complex promoter that includes two potential binding sites for the Ets family of transcription factors at -52 (zEBS1) and -135 (zEBS2). Mutation of these two sites results in a marked reduction of transcription from this promoter...

AIM To assess liver fibrosis (LF) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD), estimate health outcomes and costs of new noninvasive testing strategies. METHODS A Markov model was developed to simulate LF progression in HCV and ALD for a cohort of 40-year-old men with abnormal levels of transaminases. Three different testing alternatives were studied: a single liver biopsy; a...

The Ets transcription factors regulate a wide variety of biologic processes. Several members have been shown to play a role in regulating angiogenesis and vascular development. For example, the Ets factor ELF-1 is enriched in the developing vasculature of the embryo, where it regulates the expression of the Tie2 gene. We have determined that ELF-1 and Tie2 expression is also enriched in tumor b...

[1] ELF/VLF radio waves (300 Hz to 30 kHz) have been successfully generated via modulated HF (3–10 MHz) heating of the lower ionosphere in the presence of natural currents, most recently with the HAARP facility in Alaska. Generation is possible via amplitude modulation or via two techniques involving motion of the HF beam during the ELF/VLF cycle, known as beam painting and geometric modulation...

The hippocampus and septum play central roles in one of the most important spheres of brain function: learning and memory. Although their topographic connections have been known for two decades and topography may be critical for cognitive functions, the basis for hippocamposeptal topographic projection is unknown. We now report for the first time that Elf-1, a membrane-bound eph family ligand, ...

[1] It is well established that Extremely Low Frequency (ELF, 0.3–3 kHz) and Very Low Frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) radio waves can be generated via modulated High Frequency (HF, 3–10 MHz) heating of the lower ionosphere (60–100 km). The ionospheric absorption of HF power modifies the conductivity of the lower ionosphere, which in the presence of natural currents such as the auroral electrojet, cre...

BACKGROUND It is crucial to develop novel diagnostic approaches for determining if peripheral lung nodules are malignant, as such nodules are frequently detected due to the increased use of chest computed tomography scans. To this end, we evaluated levels of napsin A in epithelial lining fluid (ELF), since napsin A has been reported to be an immunohistochemical biomarker for histological diagno...