Neoclassical implications of the strong radial electric field, inherently present in an H-mode tokamak pedestal, are considered. The main ion poloidal flow in the pedestal is predicted to be reduced in magnitude, or even reversed, compared with its core counterpart. The resulting change in the neoclassical formula for the impurity flow is shown to result in improved agreement with boron measure...

In the mid-1990s, the Pokorny and Smith research group began a series of psychophysical experiments with the aim of separately measuring magnocellular (MC)- and parvocellular (PC)-pathway mediated achromatic contrast discrimination. Three paradigms provide complementary information: The pulsed-pedestal paradigm reveals PC contrast gain, the steady-pedestal paradigm reveals steady-state MC-pathw...

The EPED model has been designed to predict the pedestal height and width from a minimal set of parameters and using the stability of the pedestal region for global MHD peeling-ballooning (P-B) modes as well as local Kinetic Balooning Modes (KBMs). This approach has been validated for type-I ELMy H-modes and Quiescent H-modes (QH) but can also be used for other types of H-modes where it usually...

Previous pedestal turbulence measurements in the National Spherical Torus Experiment assessed the spatial and temporal properties of turbulence in the steep gradient region of H-mode pedestals during edge localized mode (ELM)-free, MHD-quiescent periods. Here, we extend the analysis to fluctuation amplitudes and compare observations to pedestal turbulence simulations. Measurements indicate norm...

The physics of the tokamak edge is very complicated, and the scaling of the H-mode transport barrier pedestal has significant uncertainties. Evidence from the largest tokamaks appears to support a model in which the H-mode pedestal width scales linearly with the poloidal gyroradius and the gradient scales with ideal MHD ballooning limits. However, there appears to be significant variability in ...

A test-pedestal approach, with a test grating superimposed on a masking pedestal, was used to compare sinusoidal grating vernier acuity and contrast discrimination thresholds. The goal is to develop a simple model for vernier acuity without assumptions about underlying mechanisms. In the contrast discrimination task, subjects were asked to detect contrast increments in the presence of a base pe...

Mid-latitude pedestal craters on Mars offer crucial insights into the timing and extent of widespread icerich deposits during the Amazonian period. Our previous comprehensive analysis of pedestal craters strongly supports a climate-related formation mechanism, whereby pedestals result from impacts into ice-rich material at mid latitudes during periods of higher obliquity. The ice from this targ...

Pedestal profiles that span the ELM cycle have been obtained and used to test the idea that the pedestal pressure gradient in MAST is limited by the onset of Kinetic Ballooning Modes (KBMs). During the inter-ELM period of a regularly type I ELM-ing discharge on MAST, the pressure pedestal height and width increase together while the pressure gradient increases by only 15 % during the ELM cycle....

Density pedestal formation is studied experimentally during spontaneous low-to-high confinement transitions in the H-1 heliac. Poloidally extended potential structures, or zonal flows, seem to play the major role both in the spatial structure and in the temporal evolution of the pedestal formation. Zonal flows transiently generate radially localized maxima in the radial electric-field shear in ...

during archaeological survey in 2003, a unique pedestal has been found in a farm in owjtapeh (bukān) which, upon its artistic features, seemed to belong to iron age iii and to the site of qalaychi. this pedestal has been transferred to its present place after illegal excavations. there cannot be found a similar pedestal in iran, but there are some comparable samples in assyrian sites and inscri...