The aim of this study was to assess the effect of three calcium channel antagonists (amlodipine, diltiazem and verapamil) on the anticonvulsant action of lamotrigine (a second generation antiepileptic drug) against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice. Results indicated that all three calcium channel antagonists when administered alone [amlodipine (up to 20 mg/kg, ip), diltiazem (up to...

The early Cold War had far-reaching effects into the gendered and sexual aspects of adult life. Those effects are clearly evident in the United States and United Kingdom, in which physicians and their assistants used technology to practice aversion therapy on male patients who were sexually ‘‘deviant,’’ including homosexuals, cross-dressers, fetishists, sadists, and masochists. They designed a ...

BACKGROUND Antiepileptic drugs used to avert epileptic seizures necessitate prolonged duration for improved efficacy and could induce some side effects. PURPOSE The present study investigated the effect of chronic administration of two common antiepileptic drugs - gabapentin and carbamazepine, on the histomorphology of the hippocampus and striatum in adult rats. METHODS 25 adult male Wistar...

Objective: Present study investigates the effect of ethanolic C. tora leaves extract on cognitive function in scopolamine and electroshock induced amnesia in rats. Methods: To explore the potential effect, C. tora extract was screened by administrating three doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for 14 days using scopolamine-induced amnesia model. The dose having maximum activity was selected (400 mg/...

A comparison of the anticonvulsant and neurotoxic effects of cannabidiol (CBD), delta 9tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and antiepileptic drugs (phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, ethosuximide and trimethadione) was made in rats. Median effective potencies (ED 50 values) for maximal electroshock, audiogenic seizures and TD50 values for a rotor rod neurotoxici...

It was previously reported that systemic administration of dipyrone inhibited the tonic component of generalized tonic-clonic seizures in both the electroshock and the audiogenic seizure models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in the anticonvulsant action of dipyrone by assessing the role of nitric oxide and opioids in the electroshock (female 60- to 90-d...

-TUNKENSTEIN, Greenblatt, and Solomon in 1948 reported on certain physiological changes which followed electroshock treatment. Since that time, several papers have appeared which have attempted to define the physiological meaning and the prognostic value of blood-pressure curves as they are affected by intravenous neo-epinephrine and intramuscular Mecholyl (methacholine). Funkenstein and his co...

Orphenadrine is an anticholinergic drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and is also known to exert nonspecific antagonistic activity at the phencyclidine binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The aim of this study was to assess the anticonvulsant properties of orphenadrine and to evaluate its effect on the anticonvulsant activity of antiepileptic drugs against ...

The influence of nitric oxide (NO) on anticonvulsant activity of diazepam and clonazepam was examined in the pentetrazole- and electroshock-induced seizure models in mice. Protective efficacy of the threshold dose of diazepam against pentetrazole-induced clonic and tonic seizures, and death was significantly increased by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) while 7-nitroindaz...