T management of toxic waste has become an increasingly global business. The worldwide generation of hazardous waste is currently around 440 million tons, of which an estimated 10 percent makes its way across international boundaries.1 A variety of industries generate toxic wastes, ranging from chemicals to electronics and from plastics to metal plating. These toxic wastes have adverse affects o...

Electrochemical plating is the most widely used coating process for metalizing commodity polymers, such as acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS). Conventionally, ABS polymer pretreated in concentrated sulfochromic acid solution before to develop a highly porous surface topography that ensures adhesion. Unfortunately, using chromic produces extremely hazardous chemical waste, which costs manufac...

BACKGROUND Occupational Cancer Monitoring (OCCAM) is an Italian organization that monitors occupational cancers, by area and industrial sector, by retrieving cases and employment history from official databases. OCCAM previously estimated a relative risk (RR) of lung cancer of about 1.32 among "metal treatment" workers in Lombardy, northern Italy, potentially exposed to chrome and nickel. In th...

Two series of electroplating experiments have been carried out onto mild steel substrate at 65 °C in several electroplating baths under different constant applied current densities. The objectives of the first series of experiments are to understand the behavior of electrodeposition of Cu and Sn in the several alkaline cyanide baths and to explore the electroplating conditions which are appropr...

Ion exchange is widely used for the recovery and removal of metals from process and waste streams in chemical process industries. The Na-form of strong-acid Purolite NRW-100 resin was used to recover Ni(II) from a simulated electroplating waste solution containing NiSO4, NH4Cl, NaH2PO4, and citrate. A set of mass balance equations that take into account possible aqueous complexation reactions w...

Copper electrodeposition in high-aspect-ratio through-holes micromachined by deep reactive ion etching is one of the most essential processes for fabricating through-wafer interconnects, which will be used in developing future generation high-speed, compact 3D microelectronic devices. Although copper electrodeposition is a well-established process, completely void-free electroplating in very de...

In acute toxicity (96 hr) experiment the fingerlings of freshwater fish Labeo rohita was exposed to tannery, electroplating and textile mill effluents. The LC0 and LC50 concentrations were 15% and 20% for tannery effluents, 3% and 6% for electroplating effluents and 18% and 22% for textile mill effluents respectively. It was found that, electroplating effluent was more toxic than tannery and te...

Wastewater discharged from metal-finishing processes usually contains nickel, a hazardous substance that is used extensively in the surface finishing industry. In the present study, an acidic solution containing nickel was treated using strong acid cation exchange resin. A continuous lab-scale cation exchange arrangement permitting the assessment of electric current as an enhancement mechanism ...

Precious Plate, Inc. is a local electroplating company that uses a variety of metals during its processes. Post-deposition, the aqueous phase used is designated for disposal, which poses problems regarding the metal content of the waste stream. First, EPA regulations mandate that metals be kept below specific levels. Even at levels capable of meeting EPA limits, the loss of metals within their ...