I determine limits to the equilibrium relationship among epistasis, recombination and disequilibrium in two-locus, two-allele models using linear programming techniques. I show that when allele frequencies are one-half at each locus, the symmetric model is the fitness pattern that generates the most disequilibrium for the smallest level of epistasis. When allele frequencies deviate from one-hal...

C rohn’s disease (MIM 266600) and ulcerative colitis (MIM 191390) are the major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (MIM 601458), the prevalence of Crohn’s disease being more than 1/1000 in the Western countries. Inflammatory bowel disease is characterised by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation, and its pathogenesis probably involves microbial, immunological, environmental, and genetic fa...

Background: Radiosurgery is a focal brain irradiation technique that delivers, usually in a single session, high dose of ionizing radiation. The presence of lateral electronic disequilibrium and steep dose gradients in small fields demands special attention to the selection of a suitable detector with respect to its size, composition and response. Materials and Methods : Small circular fields w...

potato virus y (pvy) is one of the most important pathogenic agents that reduce the yield and quality of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.). dna-based molecular markers are valuable tools for identifying germplasm in gene banks, assessing kinship ties, and doing marker-assisted selection (mas) for resistance to pests, diseases, and some crop traits of interest. this work presents the results of ass...

We use genotype data generated by the International HapMap Project to dissect the relationship between sequence features and the degree of linkage disequilibrium in the genome. We show that variation in linkage disequilibrium is broadly similar across populations and examine sequence landscape in regions of strong and weak disequilibrium. Linkage disequilibrium is generally low within approxima...

*Corresponding author: Dr. Asghar Mesbahi, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Fax: +98 411 3364660 Email: asgharmesbahi@yahoo.com Background: Prediction of the absorbed dose in irradiated volume plays an important role in the outcome of radiotherapy. Application of small fields for radiotherapy of thorax makes the dose calculation pr...

Atmospheric chemical disequilibrium has been proposed as a method for detecting extraterrestrial biospheres from exoplanet observations. Chemical disequilibrium is potentially a generalized biosignature since it makes no assumptions about particular biogenic gases or metabolisms. Here, we present the first rigorous calculations of the thermodynamic chemical disequilibrium in Solar System atmosp...

Most evidence about nonrandom association of alleles at different loci, or gametic disequilibrium, across extensive anonymous regions of the human genome is based on the analysis of overall disequilibrium between pairs of microsatellites. However, analysis of interallelic associations is also necessary for a more complete description of disequilibrium. Here, we report a study characterizing the...

The development of the theory of estimation of gametic disequilibrium for multiallelic systems is particularly necessary, since a large number of the genetic markers available at present are highly polymorphic multiallelic systems. The D' coefficient is one of the most commonly used measures of the extent of overall disequilibrium between all possible pairs of alleles at two multiallelic loci. ...