caco3 nanoparticles have been synthesized via heat-treatment of a new precursor and solid state reaction. effect of calcinations temperature and quantity of surfactant on particle size has been investigated. the products were characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscopy (sem), transmission electron microscopy (tem) and fourier transform infrared (ft–ir) spectroscopy.

The two-temperature model has been widely used to predict the electron and phonon temperature distributions in ultrashort laser processing of metals. However, estimations of some important thermal and optical properties in the existing two-temperature model are limited to low laser fluences in which the electron temperatures are much lower than the Fermi temperature. This paper extends the exis...

ni-co/cu multilayers have been grown by electrodeposition method from a single electrolyte (based on ni(so4).6h2o, co(so4).7h2o, cu(so4) and h3bo3) using galvanostatic control on titanium sublayers. the x-ray diffraction (xrd) patterns confirmed the multilayered structure with the nanometer thicknesses. also, electron diffraction x-ray (edx)  analysis confirmed the purity of deposited samples. ...

Emission spectroscopy is used to investigate the effect of inert gas mixing in nitrogen plasmas generated in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma sources. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission of resonance lines is used to determine concentration of atomic nitrogen while electron temperature is obtained from optical emission spectra. It is found that electr...

In this work, a nanolayer of titanium nitride which produced by the magnetron sputtering system is synthesized. Moreover the effect of plasma parameters on the electron temperature is studied. Electron temperature has a significant effect on the plasma coating system properties. The results show that, increasing the working pressure and nitrogen ratio in the system causes decreasing electron te...