Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is based on the comparison of characteristic intensities induced by monoenergetic electrons. When the electron beam ionizes inner atomic shells and these ionizations cause the emission of characteristic X-rays, secondary fluorescence can occur, originating from ionizations induced by X-ray photons produced by the primary electron interactions. As detectors ar...

A calibration procedure for the detection efficiency of energy dispersive X-ray spectrometers (EDS) used in combination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for standardless electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is presented. The procedure is based on the comparison of X-ray spectra from a reference material (RM) measured with the EDS to be calibrated and a reference EDS. The RM is certified b...

Unquestionably, since their introduction one decade ago, field emission (FE) electron microprobes have pushed the boundaries of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) by offering new possibilities to characterize smaller features. As with conventional microprobes, the proper selection of the analytical conditions (beam energy, beam current, acquisition time, x-ray line) is essential to obtain an a...

The effect of tin content in the equilibrium phases of the Cu–Zn-based alloys, within the range of chemical compositions with interest to brass producers is described. For this purpose, ternary alloys with copper contents between 55.4 and 67.5 wt.% and tin contents up to 5.30 wt.% have been studied. The chemical composition of each alloy has been determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (X...

Vaporization modeling and experimental verification of the alloying elements that occurred during laser beam welding (LBW) high-manganese steel were conducted. LBW using a disk bead-on-plate testing was performed. Through calculations at temperatures higher than 2800 K, vapor pressure Mn found to be significantly larger other elements. Furthermore, vaporization flux least 10 times The compositi...

The section on tranquilizers comprises three chapters: (1) Phenothiazine derivatives by P. B. Bradley, (2) Rauwolfia derivatives by J. J. Lewis and (3) Diphenylmethane derivatives by T. R. Sherrod. The first two are, quite justifiably, restricted to detailed accounts of the pharmacology of chlorpromazine and reserpine respectively, which are treated as model compounds representative of their ch...

The recognition and understanding of the role of the microstructure in controlling the macroscopic behavior of a material has been a major theme of science and technology throughout the history of NBS/NIST. In materials science, the late 19th century saw the development of the sample preparation procedures we know today as “metallography” and “materialography,” and the emergence of optical micr...

Introduction: During a nanomineralogy investigation of the Allende CV3 meteorite, we discovered two new minerals, burnettite (IMA 2013054; CaVAlSiO6) and paqueite (IMA 2013-053; Ca3TiSi2(Al2Ti)O14), in a V-rich, fluffy Type A Ca-Alrich inclusion (CAI) A-WP1 (0.6 × 1 mm in size) in USNM 7617, which was previously studied by Paque and coworkers [1-3]. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), scanning...

In this work, quantitative energy-dispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis (ED-EPMA) (called low-Z particle EPMA), Raman microspectrometry (RMS), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) imaging were applied in combination for the analysis of the same individual airborne particles for the first time. After examining individual particles of microm...