We present a new external-beam radiation therapy system using very-high-energy (VHE) electron/photon beams generated by a centimeter-scale laser plasma accelerator built in a robotic system. Most types of external-beam radiation therapy are delivered using a machine called a medical linear accelerator driven by radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers, producing electron beams with an energy range...

The concepts of the advanced accelerators and light source rely on the production of bright electron beams. The rms areas of the beam phase space often need to be tailored to the specific applications. Furthermore, a new class of the forefront research calls for detailed specific distribution such as the particle density in the time coordinate. Several groups are tackling these various challeng...

Material characteristics versus the number of electrons in the valence atom shell not used in the previously published papers are presented here. The electric field interaction with the collective electrons and the ion skeletons of the electrode material result in the initiation of the plasma formation (ecton) on the surface of one of the electrodes and the breakdown of the interelectrode gap. ...

In this article, we concentrate on the basic physics of relativistic plasma wave accelerators. The generation of relativistic plasma waves by intense lasers or electron beams in low-density plasmas is important in the quest for producing ultra-high acceleration gradients for accelerators. A number of methods are being pursued vigorously to achieve ultra-high acceleration gradients using various...

Background and purpose: European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO) has set up a Quality Assurance network for radiotherapy (EQUAL) carrying out dosimetry audit. Some of the work is done in cooperation with the IAEA. The network deals with measurements performed with mailed TLD irradiated in reference and non-reference conditions, for on-axis points in photons and electrons ...

Point sources exhibit low threshold electron emission due to local field enhancement at the tip. The development and implementation of tip emitters have been hampered by the need to position them sufficiently apart to achieve field enhancement, limiting the number of emission sites and therefore the overall current. Here we report low threshold field (< 0.1 V/μm) emission of multiple electron b...

Introduction: Radiotherapy plays a vital role in cancer treatment. To establish a new potency in radiosensitize tumor cells, delivery of High-Z materials is offered. To date, several simulation geometries have been applied to define simulation sets. The clustering of nanoparticles (NPs) within the cells is a prominent parameter usually ignored in simulation studies. <stro...

Abetract-Experiments involving the ejection of beams of electrons from spacecraft have been performed for more than 2 decades in order to study fundamental plasma physical processes as well as for a range of diagnosticand application-oriented purposes. This paper reviews some of the key issues that have been pursued in the past 10 years. These include questions regarding spacecraft charging and...

introduction: in recent decades, several monte carlo codes have been introduced for research and medical applications. these methods provide both accurate and detailed calculation of particle transport from linear accelerators. the main drawback of monte carlo techniques is the extremely long computing time that is required in order to obtain a dose distribution with good statistical accuracy. ...

Experimental and theoretical investigation of whistler waves produced in the interaction of a density modulated electron beam with a magnetized plasma are presented for the conditions of active space experiments in the Earth ionosphere as well as for the case of overdense laboratory plasmas. Structures of the electromagnetic fields far and near the beam, efficiency of the beam modulation, emitt...