An actuator is a device that converts input energy into mechanical energy. According to various types of input energy, various actuators have been advanced. Displacement in the electromagnetic, hydraulic and pneumatic actuators achieve by moving a piston via electromagnetic force or pressure, however the piezoelectric actuator (piezoceramic plates) displace directly. Therefore, accuracy and spe...

Description of a new space geometry that allows explaining the existence of all stable physically scatterable particles solely from Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. This expanded space geometry leads to an electromagnetic mechanics of particles involving a seamless series of clearly defined interaction sequences providing an uninterrupted path of causality from 1) the unquantized quantities of...

The rate of energy exchange spatially localized and gravitationally bound axion configurations with electromagnetic radiation is investigated in the presence strong static magnetic fields. A fully analytic treatment achieved based on variationally optimized separable spatiotemporal clump profiles. For dilute stars equation variation reinterpreted as a number. Its solutions hints at an asymptoti...

Using Ernst's theory of complex potentials, a solution of the coupled Einstein-Maxwell equations in oblate spheroidal coordinates is obtained for a source possessing mass, electric charge, and angular momentum. The density of the electromagnetic energy is evaluated. Explicit expressions are derived for the components of the Ricci tensor Rmunu, and of the electromagnetic energy momentum tensor E...