In this paper, we report a new push-pull-type SPDT (single pole double throw) switch actuated by the combination of electromagnetic and electrostatic forces for low power and low voltage operation. The switch is initially actuated by large electromagnetic force to change its state and is held to maintain its state by applying electrostatic force to reduce static power consumption. The electroma...

The aim of this paper is to analyze the driving system actuated by a proportional directional control valve on a hydraulic cylinder. In order to evaluate the dynamic interaction between the proportional valve and the cylinder theoretical analysis, numerical simulations as well as experimental test are performed. Coupling cylinder and proportional valve, it is very important to know the ratio of...

cury electrode (CGME) system uses a large bore capillary (150 μm) with mercury flow regulated via a fast response valve actuated by a computer generated pulse sequence [1,2]. Very short valve opening times offer the possibility of attaining renewable mercury microelectrodes. Such a system offers considerable advantages for in situ measurements in natural waters [3]. There have been few attempts...

An annoying tonal noise is produced by modern electrical trains during acceleration and deceleration. This noise is caused by electromagnetic forces generating structural vibrations, especially from the traction motors. The electromagnetic noise is dominant at low train speeds and affects both the passengers on the train and on platforms, as well as people living near the track. The focus on th...

We consider the problem of attitude stabilization for a low Earth orbit satellite having only electromagnetic actuation. Such is not fully actuated, as control torque cross-product magnetic moment due to magnetorquers and geomagnetic field. The aim this work study whether oscillating controls can be designed such that actuated via alone achieve full three-axis irrespective position satellite. T...

Abstract Solenoid operated direction control valves, responsible for regulating the flow of fluid in hydraulic circuit highly relies on current their actuation. The currents supplied to solenoid generate electromagnetic force required switching valves by mechanical movement spools inside. deterioration leads degradation and thus spool takes longer initiate as well terminate phenomenon. This del...