Nonepileptic seizures (NES) apparently look like epileptic seizures, but are not associated with ictal electrical discharges in the brain. NES constitute one of the most important differential diagnoses of epilepsy. They have been recognized as a distinctive clinical phenomenon for centuries, and video/electroencephalogram monitoring has allowed clinicians to make near-certain diagnoses. NES ar...

This topic discusses the use of EEG in the diagnosis of seizures and epilepsy. A more general discussion of EEG, and the use of other diagnostic tests in the evaluation of patients with seizures and epilepsy are presented separately. (See "Clinical neurophysiology", section on 'Electroencephalogram' and "Video and ambulatory EEG monitoring in the diagnosis of seizures and epilepsy" and "Evaluat...

Epilepsy is considered a disorder in which a person has certain episodes of disturbed brain activity. There are different studies that allow monitoring physiological signals associated with a possible epileptic episode. However, these require wired connections and therefore monitoring is restricted to factors such as limited physical movements and loss of information by disconnecting sensors. H...

Goal-directed behavior requires the continuous monitoring and dynamic adjustment of ongoing actions. Here, we report a direct coupling between the event-related electroencephalogram (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and behavioral measures of performance monitoring in humans. By applying independent component analysis to EEG signals recorded simultaneously with fMRI, we found...

There are only a few case reports of photic stimulation induced partial seizures arising from the temporal lobe. A 12-year-old female with a history of three convulsions was admitted for a diagnostic evaluation. During continuous video-electroencephalogram monitoring, a complex partial seizure with secondary generalization was induced immediately after a photoparoxysmal response with a 15-Hz ph...

Ambulatory electroencephalogram monitoring was performed for 18 HIV-infected subjects treated with efavirenz with and without insomnia and for 13 healthy control subjects. All patients receiving efavirenz had longer sleep latencies and shorter duration of deep sleep, although poor sleepers also showed reduced sleep efficiency and shorter duration of rapid eye movement sleep. Efavirenz plasma le...

This guideline updates and replaces the 5th edition of Standards Monitoring published in 2015. The aim this document is to provide guidance on minimum standards for monitoring any patient undergoing anaesthesia or sedation under care an anaesthetist. recommendations are primarily aimed at anaesthetists practising UK Ireland, but it recognised that these guidelines may also be use other areas wo...