The development and optimization of new biosensors with horseradish peroxidase immobilized in carbon nanotubes-polyethyleneimine or polypyrrole nanocomposite film at the surface of two types of transducer is described. The amperometric detection of acetaminophen was carried out at -0.2 V versus Ag/AgCl using carbon based-screen printed electrodes (SPEs) and glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) as tr...

In this paper, the fabrication and characterisation of pentacene-based photoconductors using indium tin oxide electrodes obtained by ion beam sputtering are discussed. The photoelectric properties of pentacene under red (632 nm) and ultraviolet (365 nm) illuminations were investigated. We have shown that the photocurrent was dependent on the wavelength, bias voltage and illumination side of the...

This paper reports the optimisation of the low-frequency response of a multi-stage bioelectric amplifier intended for use in the measurement of the electrocardiogram (ECG) using un-gelled electrodes. The frequency response was optimised to meet the International Electrotechnical Commission 60601 performance standards for electrocardiographs [1,2]. The low frequency response of a multi-stage amp...

A robotic tactile sensor comprised of 25 discrete sensor electrodes arranged in a 5x5 grid was designed and fabricated from a piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film coupled to an integrated circuit (IC). Each of the 25 sensing electrodes in the IC grid were connected to metal-oxidesemiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) amplifiers which provided sufficient gain to generate usa...

Focused impedance measurements (FIM) are used in several fields, and address the problem of measuring the volume impedance of an object within a volume conductor. Several electrode configurations are possible, and these have different properties. Sensitivity fields of four configurations have been investigated. We present one new development of an existing FIM configuration, and we made finite ...

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) has potential for imaging of the head to image cerebral edema and stroke, and to assist the EEG inverse problem. One key challenge is the low distinguishability of head EIT. In this paper, we develop a strategy to improve distinguishability by optimizing electrode configurations and stimulation and measurement patterns. In a hemispherical simulation phantom...

In this study a device for automatic electrochemical analysis was designed. A three electrodes detection system was attached to a positioning device, which enabled us to move the electrode system from one well to another of a microtitre plate. Disposable carbon tip electrodes were used for Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) ion quantification, while Zn(II) did not give signal in this electrode configura...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a surgical technique to treat certain neurologic and psychiatric conditions, relies on pre-determined stimulation parameters in an open-loop configuration. The major advancement in DBS devices is a closed-loop system that uses neurophysiologic feedback to dynamically adjust stimulation frequency and amplitude. Stimulation-driven neurochemical release can be measure...

Ion-selective electrodes have been applied to analysis of blood electrolytes with some success. However, currently available ion-selective electrode systems tend to be elaborate and expensive. We describe a clinical electrolyte analyzer in which inexpensive ion-selective electrodes are used. The elec‘trodes are in the configuration of thin wires and are all solid in construction. They may be di...

Silicone rubber cuff and patch electrodes with multiple contacts were implanted along the sciatic-tibial-plantar nerves in cat for repeated studies of conduction properties of normal peripheral nerve over periods of time. The contacts were used in various combinations for precise localization of changes in conduction velocities and excitability along the extent of normal nerves. In this paper t...