In this paper, portable and online monitoring systems for non-ionizing EMF measurement, as well as some measurement results in Tehran are discussed. First of all, standards and recommendations related to EMF monitoring, measurement and exposure such as ISIRI No.8567, ICNIRP guideline and ITU-K.83 are reviewed. Then, technical facts and operation of portable device and monitoring station are int...

In this paper, an offline energy management system (EMS) is proposed for parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The proper energy management system is necessary for dividing torque between electrical motor and Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). The battery is a crucial component of hybrid electric vehicles and affects significantly the cost and the performance of the whole vehicle. The primar...

all analytical methods are generally based on the measurement of a parameter or parameters which are somehow related to the concentration of the species.an ideal analytical method is one in which the concentration of a species can be measured to a high degree precision and accuracy and with a high sensitivity. unfortunately finding such a method is very difficult or sometimes even impossible.in...