Objectives/Goals When a copper wire and a zinc nail are inserted into a fruit, electric current can be measured with a voltammeter flowing between the metals. The goal of my experiment was to determine if the pH level of a fruit affects the amount of electric current that fruit produces in this arrangment. My hypothesis was that the more acidic the pH of the fruit the more electric current it w...

This document is included in the Annex of Part 7 as historical background of a well-intentioned task that was completed at too slow a pace, missing its target date for serving as a reference for other in-process IEC standards projects concerned with low-voltage surge-protective devices. For the sake of historical accuracy and perspective, the document is presented here in its draft form, includ...

A theoretical analysis based on some design considerations for surge tanks is carried out. The effects of different parameters such as the friction losses coefficient and the surge tank cross-sectional area on the water surface oscillations tank and the total discharge are investigated. System of non-linear ordinary differential equations are numerically solved and manipulated. Results show tha...

This article reviews what is known about daily emergency department (ED) surge and ED surge capacity and illustrates its potential relevance during a catastrophic event. Daily ED surge is a sudden increase in the demand for ED services. There is no well-accepted, objective measure of daily ED surge. The authors propose that daily and catastrophic ED surge can be measured by the magnitude of the...

This paper aims to measure and analyze of the leakage current of 20 kV polymer and porcelain metal oxide surge arresters under humid ambient conditions by applying different voltages to the arresters terminal. The characteristics of the leakage currents at that stage have been investigated when changes in the ambient humidity were introduced in an artificial fog chamber. It is assumed that magn...

Eye contact captures attention and receives prioritized visual processing. Here we asked whether eye contact might be processed outside conscious awareness. Faces with direct and averted gaze were rendered invisible using interocular suppression. In two experiments we found that faces with direct gaze overcame such suppression more rapidly than faces with averted gaze. Control experiments ruled...

The objective of this paper is to present the modeling and analysis of a 1.7 Mva SMES-based voltage sag corrector devices. The topology of the SMES-based system and its response to an upstream fault are described. This paper details various modeling aspects of the device including methods to generate a triangular signal and an internal reference voltage. Models to characterize the harmonic cont...