The ER network consists of a continuous membrane system of tubules and sheets (Shibata et al., 2006). ER membranes are interconnected by homotypic fusion to maintain a reticular pattern and proper functioning. In metazoans, fusion is mediated by a class of dynamin-like GTPases called atlastin (ATL; Hu et al., 2009; Orso et al., 2009). In other eukaryotic organisms lacking ATL, a similar class o...

Attempts at nervous system electrical stimulation (a.k.a., brain stimulation, neurostimulation, electrical stimulation, neuromodulation, or deep brain stimulation (DBS)) have been made to treat drug-resistant forms of movement disorders and other conditions such as chronic pain, major depression, and more recently, seizure disorders (Theodore and Fisher 2004; Theodore 2005). Experimental result...

The main reasons agencies consider hybrid transit vehicles are fuel savings and reduced emissions. Hybrid electric buses offer an attractive option and have the potential to reduce operating costs for transit agencies significantly. Wayne et al. (2009) estimated that use of diesel-electric hybrid buses in 15 percent of the US transit fleet could reduce fuel consumption by 50.7 million gallons o...

in survey of infected samples to downy mildew of broadbean, chenopodium murale and rumex chalpensis using olympus microscope (bh2) and valid keys and recently published papers, two species were identified (choi et al. 2009, ershad 2009, telle & thines 2012).

The floor plate is a group of specialized cells located in the ventral midline of the vertebrate neural tube. It plays important roles in neural tube development as a source of signalling molecules for dorsoventral patterning and axonal guidance (for reviews, see Jessell and Dodd, 1992; Dodd and Jessell, 1993). A floor plate-derived signalling molecule, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), which is a vertebra...

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Background: Effect of electromagnetic and radiofrequency fields on human health is not well understood, a concern is its effect on male infertility. With the increased use of modern technology, issue of protection against this fields has great importance. infertility is the problem to follow psychological - social consequences. The most common cause of infertility are: male factor, female facto...

The mammary gland undergoes extensive, but finely controlled tissue remodeling throughout its growth and development. During post-pubertal maturation of the ductal tree, a variety of proteinases, growth factors and integrins are expressed in a well-regulated spatial and temporal pattern (Ossowski et al., 1979; Busso et al., 1989; Robinson et al., 1991; ColemanKmacik and Rosen, 1994; Witty et al...