Network reconfiguration (NR) is a powerful approach for power loss reduction in the distribution system. This paper presents method of network using adaptive sunflower optimization (ASFO) to minimize ASFO developed based on original (SFO) that inspired from moving sun. In ASFO, mechanisms including pollination, survival and mortality have been adjusted compared SFO fit with problem. The numeric...

In this paper, static and expansion planning of electric power distribution networks were studied using a novel Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm under load uncertainty is presented. This paper consists of two sections. At first by using a novel PSO algorithm, static and mono objective planning was solved for electric distribution network. This work involves both network topology and ...

Power quality is becoming a more concern of today’s power system engineer due to rapid growth of non-linear loads in distribution network. Electrical Arc Furnace (EAF) is one of the responsible causes for deteriorating power quality in the distribution network. Hence electric arc furnace model is needed to study and to analyze the power quality in the distribution network. This paper presents a...

Demand response Allows the management of customer consumption of electricity in response to supply conditions. Distributed generation Electric energy that is distributed to the grid from many decentralized locations, such as from wind farms and solar panel installations. Distribution grid The part of the grid dedicated to delivering electric energy directly to residential, commercial, and indus...

BACKGROUND Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), also called eosinophil protein X (EPX), has been suggested to be a useful marker of eosinophilic inflammation. However, no commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for EDN is available yet. METHODS EDN was purified from pooled urine from healthy male volunteers. Polyclonal and monoclonal anti-EDN antibodies were subsequently rais...

Power distribution system in the country is characterized by high power losses, poor reliability of supply, frequent equipment burnouts etc. The traditional approach in electric power generation is to have centralized plants distributing electricity through an extensive transmission & distribution network. Distribution generation (dg) provides electric power at a site closer to the customer, el...