iranian women's economic participation rate is similar to undeveloped countries, while their educational achievements can be compared with developed countries. the aim of this article is to discuss some of the factors related to the situation. according to the policies of third development plan, the rate of employment in government sector should decline and the opportunities for new employ...

BACKGROUND The current demographic trend in Poland indicates a progressive ageing process, which will result in a decreased number of persons at the age of work capability. Thus it is essential to find out the reasons for the diminished occupational activity of elderly workers. The aim of the project was to identify the factors that significantly contribute to early retirement during the period...

This paper estimates the effect of wealth on retirement. I use an instrumental variables (IV) estimation approach in which wealth is instrumented with two plausibly exogenous sources of variation. The first is geographic variation in the rate of housing price growth, and the second is unanticipated inheritance receipts. I estimate the model on older men in the Health and Retirement Study betwee...

OBJECTIVES We examined the extent to which involuntary job loss, exposure to "bad jobs," and labor union membership across the life course are associated with the risk of early retirement. METHODS Using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, a large (N=8,609) sample of men and women who graduated from high school in 1957, we estimated discrete-time event history models for the transition...

BACKGROUND Evidence on physical activity (PA) and transitions out of full-time employment in middle-to-older age is mainly cross-sectional and focused upon retirement. The purpose was to examine trajectories in PA before and after transitions out of full-time employment. METHODS Data were obtained for 5,754 people in full-time employment aged 50-75 from the US Health and Retirement Survey. Lo...

This paper aims at analysing labour market transitions of older workers (aged 50 and older) using the Dutch Socio-Economic Panel for the period of 1990 to 1998. The Netherlands are of special interest because they are among the countries with the lowest participation rates of older workers, both for men and women. In this paper, multinomial regression models are estimated for transitions from e...

OBJECTIVES Although there are numerous studies on the role of social connections in early working life, research that examines how social connectedness matters in the later stages of a career is scarce. The present study analyzes to what extent social connectedness affects the timing of the transition from work to retirement. METHODS We draw on data from the German Socioeconomic Panel Study (...

the aim of this study was to examine the employment status of the elderly over 60. a survey was carried out on the employment status of the elderly referring to the social security organization in tehran. a questionnaire along with interview was used for data collection. the samples were chosen randomly and selected  through the people referring to 30 social security offices in tehran, 15 peopl...