This study analyzed a post office clerk's tasks, comparing two workstation models. The clerk was facing the client in one, and seated at 45 degrees to the counter in the other. We analyzed the most frequent tasks and those presenting the most critical points: 1) payment of a postal order; 2) accepting a registered letter, breaking them down into subtasks. We used an optoelectronic system for ki...

41 The effect of reticular formation excitability on maximum voluntary torque (MVT) 42 generation and associated muscle activation at the shoulder and elbow was investigated through 43 natural elicitation (active head rotation) of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR) in 26 44 individuals with stroke and 9 age-range-matched controls. Isometric MVT generation at the 45 shoulder and elbow was q...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether there was any discrepancy in elbow flexion strength among patients with and without evident clinical deformity resulting from arthroscopic tenotomy on the long head of the biceps. METHOD A group of 120 patients who underwent this procedure were evaluated. After applying the exclusion criteria, 89 patients remained in the analysis. Eighteen months after the opera...

Ulnar nerve transposition at the elbow is recommended to diminish nerve gaps during neurorrhaphy. We undertook a cadaver study to determine the gap distance that can be overcome by subcutaneous transposition at the elbow, evaluating lacerations 2.0 cm distal to the medial epicondyle and 2.0 cm proximal to the wrist crease. With a 100-g load on each nerve stump, gaps that could be overcome were ...

Individuals with C5/C6 spinal cord injury have paralyzed elbow extensors, yet retain weak to strong voluntary control of elbow flexion and shoulder function. Previous studies have shown that functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the triceps provides sufficient elbow extension strength and control to greatly improve function. With triceps stimulation applied at a constant level, elbow angle...

PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the laterality, and its gender difference, of hand grip and elbow flexion power according to load in right hand-dominant individuals. METHODS The subjects were 15 healthy young males (age 22.1 +/- 0.7 y, height 171.3 +/- 3.4 cm, mass 64.5 +/- 4.1 kg) and 15 healthy young females (age 22.4 +/- 1.0 y, height 161.1 +/- 3.0 cm, mass 55.4 +/- 4.6 kg). Isotonic p...

INTRODUCTION: Free functioning muscle transfers (FFMTs), nerve grafting and nerve transfers have led to improved functional outcomes in brachial plexus injury (BPI) patients. Reports have shown that 39% of FFMTs and 26% of nerve transfers for elbow flexion achieve ≥ M4 elbow flexion strength.1 However, there remains a substantial number of patients with less favorable functional outcomes that n...

This is the first study to report the influence of different cadences on the modulation of supraspinal and spinal excitability during arm cycling. Supraspinal and spinal excitability were assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex and transmastoid electrical stimulation of the corticospinal tract, respectively. Transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor evoked pot...

We provide a theoretical framework and empirical evidence for how verbally planning an action creates direct perception-action links and behavioral automaticity. We argue that planning actions in an if (situation)-then (action) format induces sensorimotor simulations (i.e., activity patterns reenacting the event in the sensory and motor brain areas) of the anticipated situation and the intended...