The comprehensive tire building and shaping processes are investigated through the finite element method (FEM) in this article. mechanical properties of uncured rubber from different components cyclic loading-unloading experiments under strain rates. Based on experiments, an elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model is adopted to describe behaviors rubber. distinct properties, including stress lev...

A closed-form analytical solution to rheological phenomena is obtained based on Hoek-Brown (HB) yield criterion and the generalized Bingham model. Once circular tunnel excavated, an initial plastic region formed. When total stresses fulfil condition, steps into viscoplastic region, in which displacement develops with time. The one-dimensional constitutive equation of model transformed a three-d...