BACKGROUND Validity evidence based on the internal structure of an assessment is one of the five forms of validity evidence stipulated in the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing of the American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, and National Council on Measurement in Education. In this paper, we describe the concepts underlying internal structu...

Web ever-growing generalization and its use in educational settings is impelling the development of high-quality educational hypermedia applications. Hypermedia systems complexity has promoted the use of abstract hypermedia models to capture the most relevant characteristics of these systems. Current models put the stress on hypermedia components and its hyperlinking structure (e.g. Dexter Mode...

The educational knowledge domain may be understood as a system composed of multiple, co-evolving networks that reflect the form and content of a cultural field. This paper describes the educational knowledge domain as having a community structure (form) based in relations of production (authoring) and consumption (referencing), and a cognitive structure (content) based in relations of ideas and...

Over the last ten years, computer educational games are increasing as popular instructional tools. This paper defines a machine-processable data structure to represent “challenge” in computer educational games such a structure supports estimates of a player’s capability and of the level of challenge, allowing the automatic provision of a suitable activity at an appropriate challenge to the play...