Poor school performance has historically been one of the strongest and most consistent predictors of delinquency and criminality. Conversely, improvements in school performance have more recently been associated with desistance from delinquent and criminal activity. As a result, criminological and educational research suggests a strong link between education and crime. This chapter assesses the...

Previous scholars have examined the use of educational technology as a strategy for improving student outcomes and skills. Generally, past studies of technology have focused on devices such as computers and cellphones or word processing and web-based software. Students have reported positive perceptions of educational technology as it relates to their learning, involvement and connectedness, to...

A debate exists as to whether teaching is part of human nature and central to understanding culture or whether it is a recent invention of Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, Democratic cultures. Some social-cultural anthropologists and cultural psychologists indicate teaching is rare in small-scale cultures while cognitive psychologists and evolutionary biologists indicate it is universal and...

No topic raises more contentious debate among educators than the role of interaction as a crucial component of the education process. This debate is fueled by surface problems of definition and vested interests of professional educators, but is more deeply marked by epistemological assumptions relative to the role of humans and human interaction in education and learning. The seminal article by...

Public health ethics is a field that covers both factual and ethical issues in health policy and science, and has positive obligations to improve the well-being of populations and reduce social inequalities. It is obvious that various philosophies and moral theories can differently shape the framework of public health ethics. For this reason, the present study reviewed theories of justice in or...

Climbing the Job Ladder: New Evidence of Gender Inequity An explanation for the gender wage gap is that women are less able or less willing to ‘climb the job ladder.’ However, the empirical evidence on gender differences in job mobility has been mixed. Focusing on a subsample of younger, university-educated workers from an Australian longitudinal survey, we find strong evidence that the dynamic...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of diabetes in Southern California emergency department (ED) patients and describe the self-reported general health, demographic and social characteristics of these patients with diabetes. METHODS Between April 2008 and August 2008, non-critical patients at two Southern California EDs completed a 57-question survey about their chronic medical conditions, ...

Although research is available on group differences for overall well-being, little research has explored group differences for domain-specific well-being. Therefore, we examined differences in overall and domain-specific well-being across several demographic variables: gender, income, marital status, age, ethnicity, education level, employment status, occupation, and housing tenure. We analyzed...