Micro level studies suggest managerial skills play a key role in the adoption of modern technologies. In this paper we model the interactive process between on-the-job managerial skill acquisition and the adoption of modern technology. We use the model to illustrate why some countries develop managerial skills quickly and adopt best practice technologies, while others stay backwards. The model ...

Hospital medical staff privileges are granted to physicians who are able to provide quality patient care. Although there are no hard and fast rules as to what factors are considered when hospitals credential physicians, the perception and general practice has been that training, experience, and clinical competence are of primary importance. To foster aggressive peer review and credentialing pra...

A secondary effect of China’s economic transition will be increased demand for management personnel, particularly those with a strong appreciation of managing in a market-based economy. Traditional Chinese management approaches have been primarily shaped by experience under a centrally planned economy. We argue this has led to a lack of understanding of market-oriented management approaches. As...

After beginning with a brief introduction of the state of the legal skills training in contemporary Chinese law schools, this paper analyzes the slow development of legal skills training in China from the following perspectives: the rational choice of relevant actors in legal skill training, the impact of traditional institutionalization of knowledge, and most importantly, the lack of sufficien...

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) initiated the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) in 2008 with the aim of assessing basic skills of the adult population in an internationally comparable way. The skills assessed—literacy, numeracy, and problem solving in technologyrich environments—are considered to be essential for successfu...

OBJECTIVE Substitution of skills has been introduced to increase health service efficiency, but little evidence is available about its cost-effectiveness. This systematic review aims to identify economic evaluations of substitution between professionals, to assess the quality of the study methods applied and to value the results for decision making. METHODS Publications between January 1996 a...

What do employers mean when they say that they face a ‘skill shortage’ at their establishment(s)? How employers conceive of skill shortages matters because they are the prime, often the only, source of information allowing judgments to be made about skills disequilibria. What employers say therefore affects general perceptions about the adequacy, or otherwise, of skills supplies. In Britain’s e...

The role of improved schooling, a central part of most development strategies, has become controversial because expansion of school attainment has not guaranteed improved economic conditions. This paper reviews the role of education in promoting economic well-being, with a particular focus on the role of educational quality. It concludes that there is strong evidence that the cognitive skills o...

Studies analysing welfare have previously focused on countries as units. In the course of pension cuts and the increasing importance of occupational welfare, our traditional understanding of a homogeneous welfare state is being challenged. In this article, I distinguish between both economic individual power (employee skills) and political collective power (trade unions), and their relation wit...