The foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus has high agro-terrorism potential because it is contagious, can be easily transmitted via inanimate objects and can be spread by wind. An outbreak of FMD in developed countries results in massive slaughtering of animals (for disease control) and disruptions in meat supply chains and trade, with potentially large economic losses. Although the United States ...

T he economic losses associated with aflatoxin are estimated to be large; however, there is a dearth of systematic studies that empirically estimate a) economic losses (in terms of both health and income) for all stakeholders along the value chain, b) economic impact of interventions, and c) socio-economic factors affecting adoption. While there have been a number of scientific studies regardin...

T he economic losses associated with aflatoxin are estimated to be large; however, there is a dearth of systematic studies that empirically estimate a) economic losses (in terms of both health and income) for all stakeholders along the value chain, b) economic impact of interventions, and c) socio-economic factors affecting adoption. While there have been a number of scientific studies regardin...

Brucellosis is a serious public health issue in India. Estimation of economic losses occurring due to brucellosis is required to help formulate prevention and control strategies, but has not been done in India. We estimated economic losses due to brucellosis by sourcing prevalence data from epidemiological surveys conducted in India. Data for livestock populations were obtained from official re...

BACKGROUND Several large studies have identified factors associated with long-term outcome after orthopaedic injuries. However, long-term social and economic implications have not been published so far. The aim of this investigation is to study the long-term socio-economic consequences of patients sustaining severe trauma. METHODS Patients treated at a level one trauma center were invited for...

BACKGROUND To estimate the economic loss due to road traffic injuries (RTIs) of the World Health Organization (WHO) member countries and to explore the relationship between the economic loss and relevant health system factors. METHODS Data from the World Bank and the WHO were applied to set up the databases. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and gross domestic product per capita were used ...

We model aggregate credit losses on large portfolios of financial positions contracted with firms subject to both cyclical default correlation and direct default contagion processes. Cyclical correlation is due to the dependence of firms on common economic factors. Contagion is associated with the local interaction of firms with their business partners. We provide an explicit normal approximati...

The past two decades have been punctuated by large-scale natural events that produced huge losses whether related to hydrological, atmospheric, or even rare geological hazards. Over the second half of the last century, the total cost of such catastrophes has been multiplied by a factor of 15, clocking up economic losses of around 66 billion dollars per year during the 1990s (Benson and Clay, 20...