India is often characterized as an emerging economic super power. The huge demographic dividend, the high quality engineering and management talent, the powerful Indian diaspora and the emerging Indian transnational--kneeling the optimism. In contrast, there is another profile of India which is rather gloomy. This is the country with the largest number of the poor, illiterates and unemployed in...

The paper focuses on regional trade agreements and economic co-operation and develops a new appropriate approach to study their impact on growth and trade. The approach is based on an endogenous trade-growth theory and novelly specified in an economic integration (expenditure) framework which is the conceptual foundation of regional trade agreements. Importantly, it also appropriately takes int...

The cyclical economic downturn in the United States has forced many Extension administrators to rethink and adjust services and programming. The Cooperative Extension System (CES), the organization primarily responsible for governmental Extension work in the United States, at Iowa State University responded to this economic downturn by restructuring its organization from county based to a regio...

INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis-associated vertebral fractures represent an increasing clinical and public health problem, one with important socioeconomic effects within western countries. The purpose of this study was to analyse demographic, medical, gender and socioeconomic aspects of osteoporotic vertebral fractures of the thoracic or lumbar spine over a period of at least 10-years. MATERIAL AN...

Many analysts believe that adverse climate changes in the form of global warming are— or soon will be—under way as the result of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. (See the box entitled “What Is Global Warming?”) The largest such source of these gases is carbon dioxide (CO2) resulting from the growing consumption of fossil fuels (petroleum products, natural gas, and coal). Consequentl...

STUDY DESIGN Case-control. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the economic impact of an incidental durotomy in spine surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA An incidental durotomy during spine surgery does not affect long-term outcomes, but as reimbursement moves toward bundled payments, it may substantially affect the profitability of spine surgery. METHODS A retrospective revi...

Abstract: Humankind has come a long way since the development of telephones and computers and in the recent past, we have witnessed a proliferation of technologies as a result of converging information and communications technologies (ICT). The benefits of these converging communication networks are reduced transaction costs, increased productivity and a positive contribution to economic growth...