Urban economics emphasizes: the spatial arrangements of households, firms, and capital in metropolitan areas; the externalities which arise from the proximity of households and land uses; and the public policy issues which arise from the interplay of these economic forces.

to both economists and policy makers. According to economic theory, the size of the response depends on the degree to which households are insured against such shocks and also whether the economic shock is permanent. Most shocks to wealth are not insured at all. Some shocks to income are insured, but often insurance, such as unemployment benefits, does not replace 100 percent of earnings. In th...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of female-headed households in Pakistan. "[A] sample of 680 working women will be used to analyse the economic situation of households headed by women relative to households headed by men. The paper will compare income levels, household size and composition and employment patterns in the two sets of households. Further, the stu...

Bushmeat is an important resource in the livelihoods of many rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa and may be a crucial safety-net for the most vulnerable households, especially during times of economic hardship. However, little is known about the impacts of wildlife depletion on these functions. This study quantifies the role of bushmeat in diversified rural household economies in a wildlife...

During the financial and economic crisis the financial situation of CESEE households deteriorated significantly. Stagnating and in some countries falling disposable income forced households to adjust their consumption plans quite substantially, not least because social security systems in CESEE are still less advanced than in many Western European countries. Against this background this short s...

Livestock represent a fundamental economic and nutritional resource for many households in the developing world; however, a high burden of infectious disease limits their production potential. Here we present an ecological framework for estimating the burden of poultry disease based on coupled models of infectious disease and economics. The framework is novel, as it values humans and livestock ...

Drinking water quality was investigated at source and corresponding point-of-use in 2 peri-urban areas receiving drinking water either by communal water tanker or by delivery directly from the distribution system to household-based groundtanks with taps. Water quality variables measured were heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, E. coli, conductivity, turbidity, pH, and total and residual ch...