This paper develops a multivariate model to test the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy for the economic growth in five Asian Countries (Pakistan, India, Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia). Most of the previous studies in this area have paid less attention to stationarity, cointegration and causality issues. The series M1 (Money Stock), Government Expenditure, GDP and exports are tested...

Economic valuation of water is useful in the administration and management of water. Population growth and urbanization caused municipal water demand increase in Iran. Limited water resource supply and urban water network capacity raised complexity in water resources management. Present condition suggests using economic value of water as a criterion for allocating policies and feasibility study...

  Every country actively and initiatively takes all kinds of policy steps to improve the international competitiveness of its industries and therefore improve national integrated competitiveness for the purpose of gaining economic benefits under the context of economic globalization. Therefore, studies of moreover, projects launched by the cluster had to be endorsed by the growers and one crit...

A power system operation at minimum cost is no longer the only criterion for electrical power dispatch. Combined economic emission dispatch problem is obtained by considering both the economy and emission objectives with required constraints. This problem can be solving optimization techniques. Many optimization techniques are slow for such complex optimization tasks and are not suitable for on...

It often occurs that no model may be exactly right, and that different portions of the data may favour different models. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new procedure for the detection of regime switches between stationary and nonstationary processes in economic time series and to show its usefulness in economic forecasting. In the proposed procedure, time series observations are divi...

In this paper we consider periodic optimal operation of constrained periodic linear systems. We propose an economic model predictive controller based on a single layer that unites dynamic real time optimization and control. The proposed controller guarantees closed-loop convergence to the optimal periodic trajectory that minimizes the average operation cost for a given economic criterion. A-pri...

The potential Pareto improvement criterion and other measures of economic efficiency do not pass the test of consistency and coherence within economic theory, nor do such measures accord with what public decision makers seek in policy advice from economists. Such efficiency measures are, nonetheless, durable components of the ideology of economics in general, and benefit-cost analysis in‘ parti...

The aim of this paper is to propose a method for the evaluation of tunnel safety using probabilistic risk assessment. The framework includes three criteria; personal-, societal-and economic risk. The use of personal and societal risk is becoming more and more widespread. There are however, still some difficulties in using the economic risk criterion. Thus, as a first step towards economic risk ...

this paper using endogenous growth models based on research and development, has investigated two economic relations in three groups of countries included developed countries, developing countries and a mixed group of both mentioned ones. at first, the effects of r&d; activities on patent growth have examined and then the relation between volume of patent and growth rate in these groups has sur...

one of the fundamental principles of jurisprudential deduction is wisdom. if islamic command are not found in holy book and traditions, or there is no consensus, religious perception can be inferred through wisdom. wisdom is like an inner prophet. in the era of occultation a jurist or a religious leader can render an appropriate sentence (verdict) on the basis of collective and individual crite...