Abstract Variations in rainfall characteristics play a key role available water resources for country. In this study, spatial and temporal variations Iran were determined using the daily concentration index (DRCI) monthly percentage (MRPI), based on 30-year (1987–2016) precipitation records from 80 meteorological stations throughout Iran. The results showed that MRPI differed between locations ...

for the first time, an assemblage of cryptospores, which includes 10 species belonging to nine genera, from the upper ordovicianstrata, is being reported, in iran. these cryptospore assemblages were recovered from the upper part of ghelli formation., from theeastern alborz mountain range. these peri-gondwanan cryptospores have been classified based on their morphology (monad, truedyad, pseudody...

Discourse on women's reproductive rights through the lens of Muslim culture. The use of contraception, assisted fertility and abortion, are analyzed in Iran and Afghanistan. The culture surrounding family planning is detailed through a woman’s community, family, religion and the laws that govern the society they live in, which all influence her decision making in these matters. This piece stand...

BACKGROUND The spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems through the world. Surveillance of anti-TB drug resistance is essential for monitoring of TB control strategies. The occurrence of drug resistance, particularly multi-drug resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR), defined as resistance to at least rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), has bec...

BACKGROUND Human cystic echinococcosis (hydatidosis) continues to be an essential cause of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. METHODS We studied hydatid cyst pattern in hospitalized adult patients from 2003 to 2012 in Mashhad and Neyshabour, northeast of Iran. RESULTS Overall, 1342 patients, 711 females (53%) and 631 males (47%) diagnosed as infected with hydatid cyst were ...

In the Middle East, transplantation practice was started in 1967 by the first kidney transplantation in Iran.1 However, it did not reach to a routine practice until the second half of the 80 decade, when appropriate legislations were enacted in most countries in the region. At present, kidney transplantation is active in most countries in the region including Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Kuwait, Jord...

Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) is a destructive virus of cucurbits in Iran. During 2008-2012 growing seasons a total of 366 cucurbit samples including melon, cucumber, snakemelon and squash with typical symptoms of CYSDV infection were collected from ten Provinces in Iran. They were screened by ELISA and the infectivity of ELISA-positive samples was confirmed by RT-PCR. The res...

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. A 2005 analysis of the global incidence and cancer-related mortality revealed that 934,000 new cases of GC were diagnosed and approximately 700,000 patients died from this disease in 2002 (Parkin et al., 2005). Approximately 60% of all cases occur in developing countries with ...

'Reproductive tourism' has been defined as the search for assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and human gametes (eggs, sperm, embryos) across national and international borders. This article conceptualizes reproductive tourism within 'global reproscapes,' which involve the circulation of actors, technologies, money, media, ideas, and human gametes, all moving in complicated manners across...

OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with unknown etiology. Various genetics and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. The interleukin-7 receptor alpha chain (IL-7Ra) was identified as the first non-major histocompatibility complex (non-MHC) MS susceptibility locus. In this study we are tryin...