To test the hypothesis that under restricted and surfeit protein intake the mammary gland undergoes adaptive regulation, changes in mammary tissue mRNA abundance of cationic amino acid (AA) transporter (CAT)-1, CAT-2B, alanine/serine/cysteine/threonine transporter 1 (ASCT1), and broad specificity transporter for neutral and cationic AA (ATB(0,+)), and CAT-1 protein abundance were investigated a...

Trials were conducted to evaluate effects of a fermentation extract of Aspergillus oryzae (AO) on milk production and composition, diet digestibility, and rectal temperature changes in lactating dairy cows. Treatments were incorporated as a top dressing at the morning feeding and consisted of control (90 g/d of ground sorghum) or AO (3 g of culture + 87 g of ground sorghum daily). Twenty-four m...

Sows that were either fat or lean at farrowing (340 or 280 g of body fat/kg BW, respectively) were offered either a low-protein (LP; 7.9% CP and 15.5 MJ DE/kg as fed) or a high-protein (HP; 19.0% CP and 15.6 MJ DE/kg as fed) diet on an ad libitum basis throughout a 4-wk lactation to test the hypothesis that the amount of milk and its composition are responsive to the supply of endogenous (body ...

Because of low energy reserves at birth, piglets are dependent on the sow’s milk for survival. Breed differences can influence milk composition. The objective of this study was to examine litter characteristics, milk composition including calcium and the water holding capacity of casein, solvation, between the highly prolific Meishan breed and lean crossbred pigs. Samples were collected by hand...

Twenty-four lactating and 13 nonlactating Alpine goats were used to determine effects of stage of lactation and dietary concentrate level on energy utilization. Diets comprising 60 or 20% concentrate (60%C and 20%C, respectively) were consumed ad libitum by lactating animals and at a level of intake near maintenance by nonlactating animals. Measurement periods were d 25 to 31 (early), 87 to 94 ...

To estimate the prevalence of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in dairy cows, a total of 196 ruminalfluid samples were drawn by rumenocentesis from 10 dairy herds of Khorasan Razavi province, northeast ofIran. Two groups of 12 cows, early lactation and mid-lactation cows were sampled in each dairy herd andruminal pH was determined immediately using a portable pH-meter. A total of 54 cows (27.6%...

Glutamine is the most abundant free alpha-AA in the mammalian body, and large amounts of glutamine are extracted by both the fetus during pregnancy and the mammary gland during lactation. The work presented here addressed the hypothesis that there would be major changes in glutamine metabolism in the mare during the transition period, the time between late gestation, parturition, and early lact...

An understanding of the mechanisms regulating milk yield in sows is crucial for producers to make the best management decisions during lactation. Suckling of mammary glands by piglets is one factor that is essential for development of these glands during lactation and for the maintenance of lactation in sows. The process of mammary development is not static as the majority of it takes place in ...

Brangus cows (n = 29) were used in three experiments to evaluate the effects of parity (multiparous vs. primiparous) and potential genetic merit for milk production (high vs. low) on forage intake during late gestation, early lactation, and late lactation. Cows were selected for milk production based on their sire's EPD for milk production (MEPD). Cows had ad libitum access to (130% of previous...