Since the late 1970s, Libyan leader Colonel Muammar Qadhafi has sought to obtain weapons of mass destruction (WMD), particularly chemical and biological weapons (CBW). By the late 1980s, Libya had developed a rudimentary capability to produce such weapons. Western experts view the pursuit of CBW as a means of bolstering Libya’s military capability, since the country lacks effective conventional...

Uncertainty about behavior: Uncertainty about behavior refers to uncertainty regarding the actions taken by others. Sometimes it is hard to know what other states are doing – in particular, if they are cooperating or defecting. Consider weapons of mass destruction. Whatever a state may say publicly, it is very difficult for others to ascertain whether it is pursuing technologies associated with...

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS), as an inflammatory autoimmune disease and chronic degenerative central nervous system degeneration, often occurs in early adulthood. One of the common and debilitating symptoms of this disease is fatigue, which can affect up to 80% of patients with MS. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of magnetic field therapy on fatigue in patients with MS. M...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the fatigue status and related factors in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) 1-5 years after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 254 patients with stage IA or IB NSCLC, who had undergone surgery. They completed several surveys, including the Brief Fatigue Inventory, Karnofsky Per...

Cancer-related fatigue is the most prevalent and distressing symptom experienced by adolescents and young adults (AYAs). An electronic survey was undertaken to ascertain current fatigue management and perceptions of its effectiveness. Eighty-five percent of responders (68/80) experienced fatigue, and it was worse more than 1 year after cancer treatment ended, compared to <1 year (p = 0.007). Fo...

Bone metastasis is the most frequent type of distant metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we investigated the correlation between the skull base bone destruction and the distant bone metastasis in patients with NPC. A total of 449 cases with NPC who were diagnosed and had definitive radiotherapy from 2001 to 2006 were enrolled in this study. The skull base bone destructi...

Hydrogen diffusion during rolling contact fatigue (RCF) is considered a potential root cause or accelerator of white etching cracks (WECs) in wind turbine gearbox bearing steels. Hydrogen entry into the bearing steel during operation is thought to occur either through the contact surface itself, or through cracks that breach the contact surface, in both cases by the decomposition of lubricant t...

The subsurface defect in the wheel tread caused from Rolling Stock Fatigue (RCF) has become more danger in high speed railway. The conventional UT and phased array UT have deficiency to find the subsurface defect from the tread surface because of limitation of ultrasonic near field. In this paper, the subsurface defect is studied by simulation and experimental results with ultrasonic technique....

This paper outlines the historical development of the wheel and rail profiles currently used on railway vehicles. It also presents the key damage mechanisms involved in wheel-rail contact and summarises the methods that have recently been developed by railway engineers to predict the level of wheel and rail damage from these mechanisms. Tools for predicting the key damage modes of wear and roll...