SETTING Numerous knowledge gaps hamper the prevention and treatment of childhood drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). Identifying research priorities is vital to inform and develop strategies to address this neglected problem. OBJECTIVE To systematically identify and rank research priorities in childhood drug-resistant TB. DESIGN Adapting the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHN...

The optimization of malaria control strategies is complicated by constraints posed by local health systems, infrastructure, limited resources, and the complex interactions between infection, disease, and treatment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the protocol of a randomized factorial study designed to address this research gap. This project will evaluate two malaria control interventi...

Imaging techniques are a combination of a contrast mechanism, exogenous or endogenous, and an instrument to exploit that contrast. This final chapter of these two special issues of this journal points to possible ways to improve the ability of imaging systems to exploit markers of cancer in the early detection of that disease. The aim not only is to find cancer at an earlier, more treatable sta...

Population screening, organised trough programmes with defined target groups who are regularly called in, and opportunistic screening where the woman or the doctor, on their own initiative request the test, are the main methods for carrying out of periodic mammographies. In Spain, except for recent established and geographically limited population based breast cancer screening programmes, most ...

BACKGROUND It is unclear whether an early detection programme increases or decreases the number of patients with a long duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), and whether these differ from other patients with a long DUP. AIMS To investigate whether the number and characteristics of patients with a long DUP in the early detection programme differ from those with a long DUP in the non-early det...

In this letter I propose the name "Proliferative Multifocal Leukoplakia" with the goal of reducing under-diagnosis of this disease, improve the early diagnosis, try to make an early therapy and control, and prevent its malignant transformation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 58 autopsy studies of latent prostate cancer from 1898-2013 were identified and analyzed accounting for histopathological methods, which may have varied over time. RESULTS Prostate cancer is most prevalent in African descent men, less prevalent in European descent men, and least prevalent in Asian descent men. Fifty percent of Asian men have latent prostate tum...

There is an increasing demand for automated detection and analysis of dermoscopy structures and malignancy clues such as streaks in dermoscopy images, for computer-aided early diagnosis of deadly melanoma. This paper presents a novel approach for streak detection and visualization on dermoscopic images. We tackle the detection of streaks by means of ridge and valley estimation. Orientation esti...

To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound in early detection of chorionicity and amnionicity in twin pregnancies and evaluate the role of operator-experience, a prospective follow up of 87 consecutive twin pregnancies was performed. Chorionicity and amnionicity were determined by 17 different observers, divided in 2 groups on the basis of their experience, using a composite of US markers at the fi...