The JCMT-CSO single-baseline interferometer was the first to demonstrate phase correction using the 183 GHz line, using equipment built by Martina Wiedner, Richard Hills and colleagues. Only a limited quantity of data were gathered but the results (ALMA memo 252) were encouraging and suggested that even an uncooled system could provide effective phase calibration at submillimetre wavelengths. S...

This document outlines the various quantities that will need to be measured or taken into account in order to collect and calibrate ALMA data. It is an update of Chapter 3 of the old Project Book, and supersedes it. Traditionally, “calibration” has often been thought of as strictly a postprocessing exercise in radio interferometry, essentially only involving things done to data after it has bee...

The Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) is a joint project between North America, Europe and Japan. ALMA is an aperture synthesis radio telescope consisting of 50 12-meter antennas located at an elevation of 5,000 meters in Llano de Chajnantor, Chile. These antennas will operate at frequencies ranging from 31.3 GHz to 950 GHz. The antennas can be moved and placed in different configurations, ...

The story of how Alma-Ata and Primary Health Care gained the attention of the world’s health leadership must be seen as one of the most intriguing in the history of health and development. The postcolonial years in the developing world saw health care that was largely hospital-based and curative in its orientation, whichmeant, of course, that most people who needed health care had little or no ...

Accepted 26 February 1997 Abstract Objective-To evaluate the use of urinary mercapturic acids as a biomarker of human exposure to allyl chloride (3chloropropene) (AC). During three regular shut down periods in a production factory for AC, both types of variables were measured in 136 workers involved in maintenance operations. Methods-Potential airborne exposure to AC was measured by personal ai...

*This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. **To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Biochemistry, Alma College, 614 W. ...

This memo describes the software engineering and technical details of the design and implementation of the wvrgcal program and associated libraries. This program performs off-line correction of atmospheric phase fluctuations in ALMA observations, using the 183 GHz Water Vapour Radiometers (WVRs) installed on the ALMA 12 m dishes. The memo can be used as a guide for detailed study of the source ...

This article raises questions about the ways culture affects the nature of health care services. By examining the life story of Alma, a Central American woman who has a daughter with disabilities; her interactions with health care providers; and my own assumptions about cultural differences, I note the impact of cultural differences on coping and adaptation in Alma and in the health care system...

Abstract: A high speed low power analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using the 0.25μm BiCMOS SiGe technology from ST Microelectronics has been developed to meet the specifications of the ALMA project. The main features of this ADC are: 3-bit resolution (8 quantization levels) in Gray code, an input bandwidth from 2 to 4 GHz, 4 GHz sampling rate (and possible operation up to 5 GHz), LVDS standard ...