this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of deficit irrigation and growth stages on yield and yield components of potatoes and water use efficiency. a field experiment was conducted at shahrekord agricultural research station over three years of crop seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. plots were assigned to five levels of deficit irrigation treatmen...

Papillomaviruses are small double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate episomally in the nuclei of infected cells. The full-length E1 protein of papillomaviruses is required for the replication of viral DNA. The viral mRNA from which the human papillomavirus type 18 E1 protein is expressed is not known. We demonstrate that in eukaryotic cells, the E1 protein is expressed from polycistronic mRNA ...

The bovine papillomavirus replication initiator protein E1 is an origin of replication (ori)-binding protein absolutely required for viral DNA replication. In the presence of the viral transcription factor E2, E1 binds to the ori and initiates DNA replication. To understand how the E1 initiator recognizes the ori and how E2 assists in this process, we have expressed and purified a 166-amino-aci...

class Value case class NumV(n: Int) extends Value case class BoolV(b: Boolean) extends Value (Technically, we could encode booleans as integers, but in general we will want to separate out the kinds of values.) Booleans and Conditionals Types Extending the interpreter // helpers def add(v1: Value, v2: Value): Value = (v1,v2) match { case (NumV(v1), NumV(v2)) => NumV (v1 + v2) } def mult(v1: Val...

In vitro DNA binding results from a series of E1 proteins containing amino-terminal or carboxy-terminal truncations indicated that sequences between amino acids 121 and 284 were critical for origin binding. Additional binding experiments with E1 proteins containing internal, in-frame insertions or deletions confirmed the importance of the region defined by truncated E1 proteins and also demonst...

Endothelial 1 (E1) is identified as an endothelial cell secreted factor that stimulates collagen gel contraction by fibroblasts. This identification is based on (a) co-localization of stimulatory activity in endothelial cell conditioned media with synthetic E1 in reversed phase analysis; (b) removal of the activity from conditioned media with antiserum directed against E1; and (c) the activity ...

Cyclin E1 regulates the initiation of S-phase in cellular division. However, in many cancers, cyclin E1 is aberrantly overexpressed and this molecular phenotype correlates with increased tumor aggressiveness and poor patient survival. The molecular cause(s) of cyclin E1 abnormalities in cancers is poorly understood. Here, we show that cyclin E1 overexpression in cancer is promoted by dysregulat...

The E1 helicase from BPV and HPV16 interacts with Ubc9 to facilitate viral genome replication. We report that HPV11 E1 also interacts with Ubc9 in vitro and in the yeast two-hybrid system. Residues in E1 involved in oligomerization (353-435) were sufficient for binding to Ubc9 in vitro, but the origin-binding and ATPase domains were additionally required in yeast. Nuclear accumulation of BPV E1...

adenoviruses are used extensively to deliver genes into mammalian cells, particularly where there is a requirement for high-level expression of transgene products in cultured cells, or for use as recombinant viral vaccines or in gene therapy. in spite of their usefulness, the construction of adenoviral vectors (adv) is a cumbersome and lengthy process that is not readily amenable to the generat...

Papillomaviral infection causes both benign and malignant lesions and is a necessary cause of cervical carcinoma. Replication of this virus requires the replication initiation proteins E1 and E2, which bind cooperatively at the origin of replication (ori) as an (E1)2-(E2)2-DNA complex. This is a precursor to larger E1 complexes that distort and unwind the ori. We present the crystal structure o...