Kathleen Epping is a nurse practitioner on the cardiothoracic surgery service at Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Beth Hammer is the program manager for nursing excellence at Zablocki VA Medical Center. She is also a nurse practitioner on the cardiology/electrophysiology service. and defibrillation leads are typically implanted transvenously, using the subclavian or cephalic ve...

In order to increase the accuracy and efficiency of studying perioperative dysrhythmias, 52 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were fitted preoperatively with a Holter monitor adapted for intraoperative recording, and the preoperative, intraoperative and early postoperative cardiac electrical activities were classified with a digital computer. Forty patients underwent coronary artery bypass gr...

CAD is a generic designation for many different conditions that involve obstructed blood flow through the coronary arteries. The most prevalent etiologies of CAD are atherosclerosis, coronary vasospasm, and microvascular angina. Microvascular angina results from poor function of the smaller blood vessels that supply the heart. Atherosclerosis is by far the most common cause of CAD and is the fo...