In this work, the solubility of nicotine extracted from tobacco leaves, found in the north of Iran, in supercritical carbon dioxide has been measured. Also the effects of pressure, temperature, extraction dynamic time, and the organic co-Solvent on the amount of nicotine extracted from tobacco leaves have been investigated. It should be stressed that in order to reduce significantly the num...

BACKGROUND Changes in cardiac power parameters incorporate changes in both aortic flow and blood pressure. We hypothesized that dynamic and non-dynamic cardiac power parameters would track hypovolemia better than equivalent flow- and pressure parameters, both during spontaneous breathing and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV). METHODS Fourteen healthy volunteers underwent lower...

Rock selection in modeling and simulation studies is usually based on two techniques; routinely defined rock types and those defined by special core analysis (SCAL). The challenge in utilizing these two techniques is that they are frequently assumed to be the same, but in practice, static rock-types (routinely defined) are not always representative of dynamic rock-types (SCAL defined) in the re...

Phase transformations under high strain rates (dynamic compression) are examined in situ on ZrW2O8, a negative thermal expansion ternary ceramic displaying polymorphism. Amorphization, consistent with prior quasi-static measurements, was observed at peak pressure of 3.0 GPa dynamic conditions, which approximate those expected during fabrication. Evidence partial amorphization lower (1.8 GPa) th...

Solid state material at high pressure is prevalent throughout the Universe, and an understanding of structure matter under such extreme conditions, gleaned from x-ray diffraction, has been pursued for best part a century. The highest pressures that can be reached to date (2 TPa) in combination with diffraction diagnosis have achieved by dynamic compression via laser ablation . past decade witne...