Background: The use of magnification devices is widely recommended in surgical disciplines, but a validation of the respective optical aids, i.e., medical loupe systems, is lacking. The aim of this study was to objectively assess different medical loupe systems, including their declared magnification. Methods: Six Galilean binocular loupes (Zeiss 2.5×, SurgiTel 2.5×, Merident DCI 2.5×, Orascopt...

In this paper, the dynamic response of a simply supported beam subjected to moving load is reinvestigated. Based on new theory, slope inertia-based Timoshenko (SIBT), governing equations motion are derived. An analytical solution presented by using coupled Fourier and Laplace–Carson integral transformation method. The finite element also developed compared with solution. Then, comparative study...

Even when provided with feedback after every movement, adaptation levels off before biases are completely removed. Incomplete adaptation has recently been attributed to forgetting: the adaptation is already partially forgotten by the time the next movement is made. Here we test whether this idea is correct. If so, the final level of adaptation is determined by a balance between learning and for...

We demonstrate that for several of the gravitational lens models used to describe galaxies, there exists a quantity we dub the magnification invariant, equaling the sum of the signed magnifications of the images, that is a constant when the image multiplicity is a maximum. This invariant is independent of most of the model parameters, and is independent of the source position as long as the sou...

introdouction: the aim of the present study was to investigate image magnification in digital panoramic radiography and assess the effect of anatomical sites on the magnification in both males and females. materials and methods: in this retrospective study, digital panoramic radiographs of 48 patients with 202 implants were investigated. implant diameter and length were measured on panoramic ra...

background: work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the most important problems in the health workforce. these discomforts cause many working days losses, increase absenteeism from work, and impose annual economic costs. awkward posture is the most important factor among the risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. this study aimed at implementing an interventional ergonomic ...

Introduction: Variable resolution x-ray (VRX) CT is a new type of CT that can image objects at various spatial resolutions. In a VRX CT scanner, the spatial resolution increases at the cost of reduction in the field of view (FOV). An important factor that limits the spatial resolution of the VRX CT is the effect of focal spot size. Also, the optimum magnification is different at each incident a...