The aim of the present study was to utilize a strain gauge, which enabled the force applied to produce firmly attached crimpable hooks to rectangular stainless steel arch wires, to be measured. In vitro testing of two hooks, American Orthodontic (AO) and TP Orthodontic (TP), and two dimensions of stainless steel archwire, 0.019 x 0.025 and 0.018 x 0.025-inch, was carried out using an Instron Un...

Electron BackScatter Diffraction (EBSD) in conjunction with Field-Emission Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-ESEM) has been used to evaluate the microstructural and local plastic strain evolution in different alloys (AISI 1005, AISI 304L and Duplex 2205) deformed by a single-stage cold and warm forging process. The present work is aimed to describe the different behavior of the au...

Super steel materials play a vital role in the construction and fabrication of structural, piping and pipeline components. In assuring the integrity of onshore and offshore operating systems, they enable life cycle costs to be minimized. In this context, Duplex stainless steel (DSS) material related welding on constructions and fabrications plays a significant role in maintaining and assuring i...

In order to improve the oxidation resistance of ferritic stainless steel, it is possible to deposit a protective coating on steel substrate. In this research through the usage of pack cementation method a coating of titanium was applied on the surface of AISI 430 stainless steel. Scanning Electron-Microscopy (SEM), Energy- Dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were us...

An elaborative study was carried out on the growth mechanism and properties of the passive film for a new kind of alloyed corrosion-resistant steel (CR steel). The passive film naturally formed in simulated concrete pore solutions (pH = 13.3). The corrosion resistance was evaluated by various methods including open circuit potential (OCP), linear polarization resistance (LPR) measurements, and ...

Two kinds of austenite grow from d-ferrite during the cooling of the duplex stainless steel weld deposits studied here, Widmanstätten plates and allotriomorphs which precipitate at d–d grain boundaries. It is found using microtexture measurements that the preferred crystallographic orientation of the Widmanstätten austenite can be estimated using established theory if it is assumed that there i...

The departure of nitrogen bubbles from duplex stainless steel (DSS) is essential for studying the precipitation behavior during solidification. In current work, numerical and theoretical derivation analytical formula were used to study bubble at solid–liquid interface. paper, radius was deduced by analysis. Based on works subcooled boiling flow, forces analyzed critical condition theoretically ...

Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been used to study the influence of Si ion implantation on the passive layer of AISI 304 stainless steel, as well as on its high-temperature oxidation behaviour. Ion implantation is a usual technique to improve the corrosion and oxidation resistance of steels. To study the effects of ion implantation on the room temperature corrosion behavior of AISI...

In this study, X-ray fractography’)-‘) technique was applied to the (GZ+~) dual phase stainless steel. Effect of the rolling direction on fatigue properties was discussed. Residual stress near the surface was measured by using X-ray diffraction method to the depth direction. Relations between X-ray parameter and fracture mechanics parameter were examined. As the result, distribution of the phas...