purpose : to present a case of orbital cellulitis secondary to dacryocystitis case report : a 48-year-old postmenopausal lady was referred with a prominent proptosis of the right eye in addition to external ophthalmoplegia. she had one year history of lacrimation. orbital computed tomography (ct) revealed an extraconal infiltration near the medial and inferior orbital wall consistent with orbit...

purpose: to evaluate refractive state in patients with unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. methods: in this descriptive prospective study, patients with unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction scheduled for surgery were enrolled over a period of two years (2007-2009). cycloplegic refractive error in both eyes was measured under anesthesia before surgery (probing, si...

Objective(s):This study aimed to establish a novel non-binding, reversible rat model of acute cholangitis of the severe type (ACST). Materials and Methods:Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into the sham-operated group (n=13) and the ACST group (n=13). All rats were intubated with a modified catheter through the external jugular vein. The ACST model was established by ligation of the distal ...

In the present research, the laminar forced convective heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics for Al2O3-water nanofluid flowing in different bend (i.e., 180o and 90o) pipes have been investigated numerically in a three-dimensional computational domain using the finite volume technique. The effects of different pertinent parameters, such as the Reynolds number of the duct, volume fraction ...

Objective- Radiological and anatomical study of the Lacrimal apparatus system in one-humped camel of Iran (Camelus Dromedarius).Design- Prospective studyAnimals- Five heads (cut above the third cervical vertebra) of adult Dromedary camels' cadavers were collected from the slaughterhouse of the Najafabad area of Isfahan Province, Iran. Procedures- The anatomy of the nasolacrimal duct of one- hum...

Endoscopic manometry was used to measure pancreatic duct, common bile duct, pancreatic duct sphincter and bile duct sphincter pressures in 43 healthy volunteers and 162 patients with a variety of papillary, pancreatic and biliary disorders. Common bile duct pressure was significantly raised after cholecystectomy, with common bile duct stones and papillary stenosis but pancreatic duct pressure o...

Pancreas is an exocrine and endocrine organ. Exocrine portion secretes digestive fluid. Endocrine secreting insulin glucagon etc. developed from dorsal ventral pancreatic buds, which arise either side of distal foregut. When duodenum rotates to right, bud(VPB) posterior along with common bile duct(CBD) finally lies below behind the bud(DPB). In humans, DPB forms major part VPB inferior head unc...

An experimental investigation is conducted to determine the effect of repeated-plate blockages of variable streamwise spacing on heat transfer characteristics of turbulent flow in rectangular ducts. The plates are attached to the upper and lower walls in a staggered arrangement. The experiments are carried out by mass transfer and the analogy between heat and mass transfer provides the necessar...

sometimes the need for non-circular ducts arises in many heat transfer applications because of lower pressure drop of non-circular cross section such as square duct compared to circular tube, particularly in compact heat. but square cross section has poor heat transfer performance and it is expected that using a nanofluid as a new heat transfer media may improve the heat transfer performance of...

Objective: To determine the frequency of various anatomical variations of the cystic duct observed during open cholecystectomy in our set up. Methodology: This study was conducted at department of surgery, Khyber Medical University (KMU), Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Kohat, and a private surgical centre at Kohat, Pakistan. Adult patients of both genders, who underwent open cholecystect...