It is becoming increasingly apparent that the strength of GABAergic synaptic transmission is dynamic. One parameter that can establish differences in the actions of GABAergic synapses is the ionic driving force for the chloride-permeable GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)R). Here we review some of the sophisticated ways in which this ionic driving force can vary within neuronal circuits. This driving fo...

The steady sliding state of periodic structures such as charge density waves and flux line lattices is numerically studied based on the three dimensional driven random field XY model. We focus on the dynamical phase transition between plastic flow and moving solid phases controlled by the magnitude of the driving force. By analyzing the connectivity of co-moving clusters, we find that they perc...

Investigating the mechanisms of atherosclerosis, the number one cause of death in the civilized world, is an arduous task. During the last 5 decades, many aspects of atherosclerotic lesion development have been revealed and many hypotheses have been tested. Thanks to this gigantic effort, our knowledge of vascular biology and engaged pathogenic mechanisms have grown enormously. In spite of all ...

rg(p, b) = ! ( row(p) =1 && sbf(p) =0) rp(p, b) = if ( ( ( sbf(p) >1) and (0<=row(p) <=sbf(p) -2) ) or ( ( sbf(p) =1) and (row(p) =0) ) ) then if (b=0) then BSh( sbf(p) , row(p) +1, col(p) ) else BSh( sbf(p) , row(p) +1, flip(row(p) , col(p) ) ) else if ( ( sbf(p) >1) and (row(p) =sbf(p) -1) ) then if (b=0) then BSh( sbf(p) -1, 0, col(p) ) else BSh( sbf(p) -1, 0, flip(row(p) , col(p) ) ) rb(p, ...