A driving cycle is the fundamental concept in conducting emission testing and modeling. The quality of a driving cycle is directly associated with the accuracy of any air quality analysis, and therefore whether the emission reductions can be achieved. However, the widely used driving cycles bring considerable uncertainties when the emission estimation is carried out for a specific city or regio...

The identification of causal effects is a fundamental problem in climate change research. Here, a new perspective on climate change causality is presented using the central England temperature (CET) dataset, the longest instrumental temperature record, and a combination of slow feature analysis and wavelet analysis. The driving forces of climate change were investigated and the results showed t...

Optimization based control methods for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles require the knowledge of an entire driving cycle and an elevation profile to obtain the optimal performance over fixed driving route. In this paper, the method using traffic information to predict the future driving cycle and the optimal control strategy based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) are investigated in orde...

In the automotive industry driving cycles have been used to evaluate vehicles in different perspectives. If a vehicle manufacturer focuses only on a fixed driving cycle there is a risk that controllers of the vehicle are optimized for a certain driving cycle and hence are sub-optimal solutions to real-world driving. To deal with this issue, it is beneficial to have a method for generating more ...

This paper investigates the effectiveness of using CVT (Continuous Variable Transmission) in Samand automobile.  For this analysis, the conventional Samand and a Samand equipted with CVT are modeled and simulated by using Simulink based software (ADVISOR) and the performances are compared.  This analysis includes the effect of driving cycle, fuel consumption and the efficiency of components of ...

Abstract: Since driving cycle greatly affects load power demand, driving cycle identification (DCI) is proposed to predict power demand that can be expected to prepare for the power distribution between battery and supercapacitor. The DCI is developed based on a learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network method, which is assessed in both training and validation based on the statistical d...

In this research work, the effectiveness of stainless steel sheet for the production of motor cycle exhaust muffler burn protector was investigated. Energy Dispersive X-Ray fluorescence method was used to determine the chemical composition of the stainless steel materials and exhaust muffler of the motor cycle. The stainless steel sheet was perforated and folded to frustum shape to achieve aero...