The evaluation of eye and skin irritation potential is essential to ensuring the safety of human in contact with a wide variety of substances. Despite this importance of irritation test, little is known with respect to the irritation potency of lomefloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which has been known to cause phototoxicity with an abnormal reaction of the skin. Thus, to investigate the ...

This is the report of the thirty-fourth of a series of workshops organised by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). ECVAM's main goal, as defined in 1993 by its Scientific Advisory Committee, is to promote the scientific and regulatory acceptance of alternative methods which are of importance to the biosciences and which reduce, refine or replace the use of labo...

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that requires timely and inexpensive treatment. For this purpose, nanoemulsion with polyene macrolide antibiotic, or amphotericin B (NE-AmB), was developed. This study quantified the amount of drug permeated retained in intact lacerated human skin, simulating cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) processes. Toxicity macrophage keratinocyte cell lines, activi...

In the last 150 years, chemists have synthesized about 70 million substances. More than 100,000 of these are found in consumer products of daily use, in drugs, in cosmetics, in detergents, in our food, our clothes and – last but not least – as contaminants of our natural environment. When Bayer brought AspirinTM – our eldest synthetic drug – to the market 111 years ago, no regulatory safety ass...

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the isotonicity chloramphenicol ophthalmic in situ gel and know irritating effect its eyes test animals, so it can be maximize absorption drug eye, minimize loss before corneal penetration safe used.
 Methods: This were started by making four aseptic formulations preparations with a comparison baseline concentrations different Poloxame...

The IRE test was developed by Burton and his colleagues at Unilever Research Laboratory, Colworth, United Kingdom as an in vitro alternative to the in vivo Draize rabbit eye test method for the assessment of eye irritation (Burton et al. 1981). In the IRE test method, liquid test substances are spread using a syringe and solids are pulverized and applied as a powder over the corneas of enucleat...

Several methods are being used with considerable advantage as alternatives to the Draize test, although some technical difficulties still persist. This work compared the sensitivity of HeLa and NCTC L 929 cells to evaluate the cytotoxicity of shampoos used by adults and children (undiluted and diluted to 25, 5, 1, and 0.1%), and eye drops and their containers and surfactants (diluted to 30, 10,...

We have developed the Rabbit Corneal Epithelial (RCE) Model to evaluate the in vitro eye irritation potential of chemicals including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and their raw ingredients. In the model, a stratified culture of rabbit corneal epithelial cells is grown at the air-liquid interface on an amnion acting as a parabasal membrane. The alkaline exposure was restored each day in the presenc...

the objective of the present study was to prepare controlled release formulation of moxifloxacin hydrochloride ocular nanoparticles. the nanoparticles were prepared by solvent displacement method using eudragit rl 100 as a polymer. different formulations were prepared by varying the ratios of drug and polymer and varying the ratios of organic and aqueous phase. the formulations were evaluated i...