INTRODUCTION Indication for surgical drainage may be prophylactic or therapeutic. However, surgical drains may cause complications. These complications can arise either following laparoscopic or open surgery. One of the rare complications resulting from drainage includes herniation of abdominal viscera at the drain site. The most common herniated abdominal organ is the small bowel. CASE REPOR...

Surface meltwater that reaches the base of an ice sheet creates a mechanism for the rapid response of ice flow to climate change. The process whereby such a pathway is created through thick, cold ice has not, however, been previously observed. We describe the rapid (<2 hours) drainage of a large supraglacial lake down 980 meters through to the bed of the Greenland Ice Sheet initiated by water-d...

The cranial rhythmic impulse is a palpable, rhythmic fluctuation believed to be synchronous with the primary respiratory mechanism. The precise physiologic mechanism of the cranial rhythmic impulse is not fully understood. Based on traditional and current views of the cranial rhythmic impulse, animal studies, and clinical findings in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, the author argues tha...

Recent proxy measurements reveal that subglacial lakes beneath modern ice sheets periodically store and release large volumes of water, providing an important but poorly understood influence on contemporary ice dynamics and mass balance. This is because direct observations of how lake drainage initiates and proceeds are lacking. Here we present physical evidence of the mechanism and geometry of...

concerns about nitrate pollution in groundwater and downstream systems cause development of surface water management system to reduce losses of agricultural drainage water nitrate in subsurface drainage using subsurface irrigation from existing drainage lines, drainage water during the growing season and out of season is controlled. the overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effect...

A 50-year-old woman with life-long hypoxemia and digital clubbing had a transient ischemic attack at age 47, without identifiable vascular or cardioembolic source. Extensive work-up revealed a 20% anatomic shunt (while breathing 100% oxygen) and evidence of an intrapulmonary shunt (an agitated saline, contrast-enhanced transesophageal echocardiogram showed bubbles in the left atrium and in 3 of...

Subsurface drainage resulting from irrigated agriculture is a toxic threat to fish and wildlife resources throughout the western United States. Studies by the U.S. Department of the Interior show that migratory waterfowl have been poisoned by drainwater contaminants on at least six national wildlife refuges. Allowing this poisoning to continue is a violation of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act und...

The authors prepared obstructive jaundice models by cannulation into the common bile duct, using Wistar-strain rats, and examined active amines in the gastric wall and the incidence of AGML before and after biliary drainage. 1) The incidence of AGML was comparatively high in the group of 1-3 weeks' obstruction, while the incidence was greatly reduced after biliary drainage in the groups of 1-2 ...

BACKGROUND Recently a causal relation between internal jugular vein valve incompetence (IJVVI) and transient global amnesia (TGA) has been suggested. IJVVI is postulated to provoke a transient mesiotemporal ischaemia by venous congestion. This mechanism requires a patent venous pathway from the affected IJV through the transverse sinus, confluens, straight sinus (SS), vein of Galen into the bas...